The Student Loan Fund and the Education for All in Thailand

“Reaching the marginalized” was the goal of “Education for All” to meet equality in education. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) also investigate the relationship between SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 4 (Quality Education). It was stated that one year of education can contribute 10% of the rise in income. Emphasizing the inclusiveness to reach SDG 1 and SDG 4, SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality) needs to be achieved. Therefore, many countries attempt to promote access to education. In Thailand, the Student Loan Fund was established in 1996. There are currently over 5.3 million students who received funds during the period between 1996 and 2020. It is argued that this policy can serve as a mechanism to achieve greater access to education, leading to a better quality of life and more equity in society. However, issues need to be considered since the policy should address, more specifically, the needs of the marginalized.

Peran Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Banjarmasin dalam Peningkatan Perekonomian Masyarakat

The potency of tithe (locally called as zakat) recently is not optimally developed an professionaly managed. Ineffectiveness of operational of tithe collecting agency related to the aspects of administration, distributing, monitoring or in evaluating the tithe has become the factor of this condition. In other word, it can be assumed that the organizational system and management of tithe is still classical, consumptive and lacking of significant social impact. Bassed on that assumption, the role of government is demmed essential in coping with the issue. Through the tithe collecting agency either in local or in national level, it is espected the management of tithe collection can be optimally down. Meanwhile, Baznas in Banjarmasin City is the object of this reseach in which, according to the writer, this institution has played its rule quite well in the attempt of realizing the laws about the management of tithe (zakat) both in collecting, distributing, and using the tithe and in the attempt of developing the people economic through the prorams of Revolving Loan Fund given by Baznas of Banjarmasin City that can influence the development of the Mustahiq economic trough it recently is not fulfilled maximally.

The Origin of the Polish National Loan Fund and Its Operation on the Polish Lands

The idea of establishing the Bank of Poland as the central bank of the Second Polish Republic and introducing a new currency appeared shortly after Poland regained its independence. At the beginning of 1919, in the economic circles it was believed that one of the initial steps taken by the government would be to establish a new issuing bank in place of the Polish National Loan Fund, which had appeared on the Polish territory in an emergency situation—during the First World War, and which, contrary to the original (both German and Polish) plans survived for 7 years and was transformed after the war into the first bank of issue in the now independent Polish State. The Polish National Loan Fund established by the Germans as an issuing institution by way of the ordinance of December 9, 1916 establishing the Polnische Landes Darlehnskasse was granted the privilege of issuing a new currency, that is a new monetary unit under the name marka polska. The German authorities were guided by various objectives when creating the new issuing institution—first of all, the aim was to limit the area of circulation of the German mark and to create an instrument that would draw in the occupied area of the Polish territory to finance the war, contrary to the assurances of the occupying authorities that the PKKP would be an institution supporting the economy and banking system of the country—the Kingdom of Poland, whose creation was envisaged after the end of World War I.

FINTECH SEBAGAI SALAH SATU SOLUSI PEMBIAYAAN BAGI UMKM

ABSTRACTIn 2017, more than 40 new fintech businesses is born, this financial business have emerged that have tried their luck in the Indonesian financial landscape along with the other 140s of startup that have stood before. Indonesia's fintech industry has become one of the prima donna that attracted so much attention from the financial industry actors. Investment on startup fintech began to attract a lot of interest, even some startup managed to get series A of investment this year. The fintech sectors are beginning to develop and many new products are launched.Meanwhile, the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises) launched 3.79 million micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) already utilizing online platform in marketing their products. This number is around 8 percent of the total perpetrators of SMEs in Indonesia, which is 59.2 million.The problem of sources of financing is a classic problem that is a barrier to the growth of SMEs who do not get financing facilities from the banking sector. Lack of financial resources makes SMEs unable to develop innovations to increase production. However, the rapid growth of financing business of fintech, such as peer-to-peer lending can now be another alternative for loan fund raisers. peer-to-peer lending is a financing business that targets the middle to lower market sectors ABSTRAKSepanjang tahun 2017, setidaknya muncul lebih dari 40 bisnis fintech baru yang mencoba peruntungan di lanskap keuangan Indonesia bersama dengan 140-an startup lain yang telah berdiri sebelumnya. Industri fintech Indonesia memang menjadi salah satu primadona yang menarik perhatian begitu besar dari para pelaku industri keuangan. Investasi pada startup fintech mulai banyak diminati, bahkan beberapa startup berhasil mendapatkan investasi seri A di tahun ini. Sektor-sektor fintech mulai berkembang dan produk-produk baru banyak diluncurkan.Sementara itu, Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil Menengah (Kemenkop UKM) melansir sebanyak 3,79 juta usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) sudah memanfaatkan platform online dalam memasarkan produknya. Jumlah ini berkisar 8 persen dari total pelaku UMKM yang ada di Indonesia, yakni 59,2 juta.Masalah sumber pembiayaan merupakan masalah klasik yang menjadi penghambat pertumbuhan UMKM yang tidak mendapat fasilitas pembiayaan dari sektor perbankan. Kurangnya sumber dana menjadikan UMKM tidak dapat mengembangkan inovasi untuk meningkatkan produksinya. Namun demikian pesatnya pertumbuhan bisnis pembiayaan FinTech seperti peer-to-peer lending sekarang ini bisa menjadi alternatif lain bagi para pencari dana pinjaman. peer-to-peer lending merupakan bisnis pembiayaan yang menyasar sektor pasar menengah ke bawah.

Sustaining Leadership

This chapter argues that Washington maintained its position of global leadership in the second half of the 1950s, keeping alive prospects for growth of the American Century. Challenges were many, including the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, the lure of trade with the People’s Republic of China, and instability in the Middle East and Indochina. In the Western Hemisphere, the rise of Fidel Castro in Cuba shook American prestige. Responses resulted in an arms race with the USSR and a greater U.S. strategic presence from Indochina to Pakistan and Lebanon. Importantly, economic aid to the Third World via the World Bank, Development Loan Fund, and Inter-American Development Bank drew on the tenets of modernization theory.