Adaptive PEH-QoS Aware Management Control Scheme Based on Peltier and Piezoelectric Hybrid Model for WBAN Applications

Energy harvesting in the medical field is a reliable and effective method to charge the body sensor nodes in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) for medical applications. WBANs provides health monitoring with real time updates for patient’s record. In WBANs, the nodes are used to detect events, which give significant contribution to maintain the Quality of Service (QoS) demands in terms of delay in packet transmission and reception, throughput and packet loss during communication. However, harvesting energy from motion of human body with health is always a challenge for WBANs. This simply increases the need to apt a new hybrid approach of Peltier and Piezoelectric human energy harvesting model for WBANs application. In recent years, a lot of researches related to Piezoelectric and Peltier that are shown in this literature. This paper proposes a hybrid approach of Piezoelectric and Peltier sensors for a WBAN Application. Work involves energy harvesting from movements and temperature gradients (body to ambient). Moreover, to use both of energies at the same time needs effective algorithm which is possible with the optimized way proposed in this paper. Proposed work uses the approach to pass emergency data to neighboring nodes if neighboring node elected as forward node. Election of forward node is selected on the basis of threshold level (α). In WBAN systems criticalness of data depends upon the applications. There are some cases like heart attack, asthma attack, diabetic attack etc requires immediate attention. These cases are considered as critical in nature. As proposed work uses the concept of data forwarding even if the node has not the power to send data up to BNC. Using this concept node which needs to send critical/emergency packets with low battery condition is possible. Proposed approach enhances data delivery and reduces the packet drop

Hybrid Model based on Peltier and Piezoelectric Human Energy Harvesting for WBAN Application

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is developed as a result of Wireless personal area network (WPAN), in which various interconnected Body Node (BN) communicates near and around human body. There are many differences between the WBAN and WPAN i.e distribution, density and mobility. Due to redundant nodes, BN in WBAN are less dense. In WBAN, Body node are implanted inside and on human body to measure physiological signals using different sensors i.e Electro cardio graph (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), Blood pressure, temperature etc) of body which collects data and send it to sink node. Earlier researchers have used either piezoelectric harvester, solar or temperature gradient based. But in this paper optimization technique using combination of Peltier and Piezoelectric human energy harvesting is studied. By developing an algorithm, extensive simulation can be performed considering four human body gestures (relaxing, walking, running and fast running). Overall Quality of Service (QoS) including average (packet loss, end-to-end delay, throughput) and overall detection efficiency is studied.

Investigation of dielectric elastomer human energy harvesting to reduce knee joint torque deviation due to bracing

Introduction The use of a smart electromechanical material, dielectric elastomer, is investigated for the development of an active bracing technique, which modifies the stiffness and damping of the knee brace during energy harvesting so as to reduce knee joint torque deviation during late swing in braced walking. Methods The bracing technique considered involves a dielectric elastomer energy harvesting cycle, which activates only when the knee flexor muscles are contracting eccentrically during late swing. The brace reduces the leg extension deviation during late swing in braced walking by transforming a portion of the mechanical stored energy into electrical energy, reducing the required internal work performed within the body. Results Simulated behavior of the dielectric elastomer brace worn across the knee joint demonstrates that when properly activated, the dielectric elastomer brace’s reduction in stiffness and increase in damping minimize the added energy expenditure of knee joint bracing during late swing. Conclusions The modeling results demonstrate the effective application of a soft, circumferential, dielectric elastomer energy harvesting knee brace, which utilizes the changes in the dynamic behavior of the knee joint occurring during energy harvesting in order to reduce the added demand placed on the knee joint under braced conditions.