Sorting Machines: Digital Technology and Categorical Inequality in Education

Existing scholarship suggests that schools do the work of social stratification by functioning as “sorting machines,” or institutions that determine which populations of students are provided educational resources needed to help them get ahead. We build on this theory of social reproduction by extending it to better understand how digital technology use is implicated in this process of unequal resource allocation in schools. We contend that educational resources, like digital technologies, are also sorted by schools. Drawing on scholarship from both educational research and science and technology studies, we show how educational institutions have long played a role in constructing the value of technologies to different ends, by constructing hierarchies of technological activity, like "vocational" and "academic" computer use, even when strikingly similar. We then apply this lens to three areas of inquiry in education research: the use of digital technologies for instruction, school use of student data, and college admissions. Each illustrates how education scholars can view technologies as part of school sorting processes and with implications for inequality within and beyond the classroom.

TECHNICAL MODELING IN DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

The article considers the possibilities of purposeful influence on the development of schoolchildren creative potential, their involvement in various activities, self practical work in the field of education “Technology”. They can be effectively implemented through the use of modern pedagogical and technological systems, which are based on the principles of design and technological activities, which provides simultaneous development, training and education of students by involving them in active creative work. It is established that the creative process is characterized by the unity of theoretical knowledge and practical experience and the theory is tested in practice, but in practice the issues appear that require a theoretical solution. For technical creative activity the theoretical preparation of schoolboys consists in providing them with a system of knowledge, methods and ways of designing, receptions of the decision of creative problems and technical knowledge. Experience of practical work appears on the basis of the formation of skills and abilities to work with instruments and perform technological operations. It is described that the continuity of this process in creative activity is of great importance, and the episodic nature is ineffective. The education of constant interest in creative work is carried out continuously, systematically during all years of schooling by creative activities. The effectiveness of creative work has a significant impact on the education of creative personality traits. The result is that the student has more opportunities to implement in their intellectual and practical activities the necessary corrections to the concepts and images of technical objects and processes, which result in fundamentally new solutions. It is shown that project-technological activity as the main didactic unit promotes: formation of skills, creative system thinking, technological culture and ethics, strengthening of imagination. It is a powerful stimulus for the emergence of new creative ideas in students, the search for alternative solutions, their analysis and synthesis, and in the future provides a basis for innovative thinking and action. Implementation of personality-oriented paradigm of labor training of students; ensures the unity of education and upbringing of students, preparing them for professional self-determination, the desire for self-education. It is proved that the lessons of technical work open wide opportunities for improving the creativity of students. The use of methods of teaching students technical modeling in the process of organizing design and technological activities in the lessons of labor training contributes to this. It is important for the teacher to make the most of all opportunities for the formation of a technologically advanced personality, the level of development of which is not possible without proper creative abilities obtained in technical modeling in the process of organizing design and technological activities of students.

Modelling of the Dependencies of Industrial Development on Marketing Efficiency, Innovation and Technological Activity Indicators

This study is relevant due to the multidimensionality and interdependence of industrial development and the indicators of innovation and technological activities and marketing efficiency. The use of economic and mathematical modelling of dependencies between key macroeconomic parameters of the national economy development made it possible to qualitatively analyse the impact of the indicators of marketing efficiency, innovation and technological activities on the parameters of industrial development. The influence of the volume of financing for innovation activity, the introduction of new technological processes and the volume of production of innovative types of products on the change in the volume of sold industrial products is econometrically taken into account. The multidimensionality of the dependencies of choosing an effective model of the dependence of the volume of sold industrial products on the factors in innovation and technological activities was the reason for building a power model. The uniqueness of using an integrated model of the dependencies of innovation and technological activities and industrial development lies in taking into consideration latent factors that influence changes in industrial production, including funding for innovation in the country’s industrial sector, the number of new technological processes and the level of mastering the production of new innovative types of products. The effectiveness of the study is explained by the fact that the selected system of indicators and dependencies helped to identify a number of risks to Ukraines’ industrial development, for example, a critical decline in innovation and technological activities of industry.

Broadening perspectives on regional quarry-related studies

Any productive or technological activity takes place in a social context and is embedded in a history of native practices, perceptions, and use of multiple landscapes. This paper explores topics that supplement and build upon technological and cultural historical approaches to quarry research. Briefly considered are: quarries as common ground and loci of group interaction; a taskscape/landscape approach to quarry selection and history of use; color and the selection of toolstone; and the relationship between settlement patterns, landscape learning, lithic preferences, quarry selection, social memory, and changing lithic technologies.

The Role of Educational and Cognitive Activities of Higher Education Applicants in Increasing the Competetiveness of Future Teachers

Innovation and inventive activities related to the development of highly efficient equipment, technological equipment, tools, means of mechanization and automation, and improvement of production technology are important in accelerating the pace of scientific and technological progress. Innovative and inventive activities are carried out on the basis of design and technological knowledge and skills. The greater the amount of this knowledge and skills the manufacturer has, and the deeper they are, the greater its potential capabilities are. Providing such opportunities to specialists is carried out within the walls of the Institutions of Higer EducationWestern Military District, in the process of teaching them the basics of scientific research, the basics of technical creativity of design and modelling. So far educational the design and technological activity is the preparation for the corresponding production activity, then the question arises: what is the content of design and technological activity in the conditions of modern production and what professional requirements it puts forward. To answer these questions, you need to analyze the activities of the designer and technologist. This analysis was carried out by us on the basis of literary sources and personal experience. The conducted researches confirm the importance of the systematic process of organizing and using intersubject relations, the necessity and expediency of applying the system of methods of technical creativity to activate the educational and cognitive activities of students of technological faculties of higher pedagogical institutions.

Theoretical and Methodological Approach to Identify Promising Areas in Scientific and Scientific and Technological Activity in Ukraine

The study is aimed at developing and implementing a theoretical and methodological approach to identify promising areas in scientific and scientific and technological activity in Ukraine. The following general and special methods are used: logical analysis (to determine the state and trends in the development of scientific and scientific and technological activity in Ukraine and other countries); modeling and prognosticating (to create prognostic models of scientific support for economic development); analysis and synthesis (to determine the priority areas of scientific and scientific and technological activity, general-purpose technologies and areas of scholars training); fuzzy logics (to identify sectors of economy, promising for scientific and scientific and technological development, and priority areas in scientific and scientific and technological activity. The suggested theoretical and methodical approach to substantiate promising guidelines for scientific and scientific and technological activity in Ukraine requires the following: analysis of current trends and assessment of global guidelines for scientific and scientific and technological activity; identification of promising economic sectors of Ukraine as for ensuring scientific and scientific and technological activity, and assessment of scientific support for their development; substantiation of the choice of promising general-purpose technologies and areas of scientific and scientific and technological activity in the country; substantiation of training areas for scientific personnel; identification of priority areas in providing scientific and scientific and technological activity that enables taking into account both global economic development trends and features, and the state of scientific and scientific and technological activity in the country. The use of the suggested theoretical and methodical approach has made it possible to substantiate the main topics of the activity in question and promising general-purpose technologies, which are aimed at ensuring the development of traditional economic sectors of strategic importance and high-tech industries, the development of which will increase the country's competitiveness and living standards in the future, i.e. meet the needs of all the stakeholders of scientific and scientific and technological activity (government, education, business, society).

Project and Technological Activity of Future Handicraft Teachers at Professional Training Classes of the Culinary Cycle

The articles reveals the essence of project and technological activity of future handicraft teachers at professional training classes of the culinary cycle, in particular, the requirements for students’ project training are outlined (the problem, the significance of project activity, the variety of independent work types, the allocation of structural parts of the project, the introduction of research teaching methods); types of creative projects are shown (informative, creative, practice-oriented, game, research, mixed; personal, paired, group; short-term, medium-term, long-term); approximate topics of creative projects of the culinary cycle subjects are given; culinary and confectionery products stages of design are identified (organizational and preparatory, design technological, final); criteria for evaluation the quality of projects in the disciplines of the culinary cycle are defined (current work of students, product quality and explanatory notes, project defense); requirements for material, technical and didactic equipment of the culinary training workshop have been established.

Recent Trends of Regional Development in China – Technological Portfolios and Economic Growth

This paper analyses recent patterns and trends of technological development in Chinese provinces. It reflects on characteristic distinctions between these regions’ portfolios of technological activity as well as the local matches between scientific, technological and economic efforts within them. Building on both theoretical and country specific literature, it suggests that, in China, the internal structure of technological activities might play a lesser role for economic development than in established market economies while their external embeddedness could be more important. Based on a comprehensive dataset, it identifies characteristic profiles and pathways of development among China’s provinces. With a view to those, its findings suggest a continued relevance of existing legacies but, equally, newly emerging industrial dynamism. While related variety is now present in many leading regions, the local match between technological and economic activities remains the most relevant discriminator between already well-developed provinces and those catching up with the leading group.