NEW APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHNIANIASIS BY MAN NITOL

The present study was carried outinHaWija District and surrounding villages. Three villages were chosen (Al-Kadhemia,Sader A1-Naher, A1-Ameniea). The high incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis was during the Winter months (December 1996 to March 1997). The total positive cases were 227 ( 111 males and 116 females). The highest incidence rate was among childeren fiom 1-10 years old. Intralesional mannitol solution was shown to be more effective ( 93.89% ) than Hypertonic Sodium Chloride 7% (HSCS) ( 87.50% ) but almost identical to pentostam ( 96.20% ). Most of lesions were cured in first and second injection, in all three treated groups but few of them needed the third injection. In all three treated groups, the scar was absent or minimum afier healing. None of the control lesions cured-within 6-8 Weeks. It is concluded that 20% rnannitol is aneffective local method of treatment for acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. The efficacy of 20% of mannitol is identical to pentostam and greater than 7% “ HSCS”. i

Excessive distension absorption in patient went through hysteroscopic surgery distended with 5%mannitol solution : a retrospective study.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of excessive distension absorption in the patient went through hysteroscopic surgery distended with 5% mannitol solution, to evaluate the use of 5% mannitol solution for hysteroscopic surgical procedure specifically and to testify the safe threshold for distension absorption. Design: Retrospective. Setting: Academic medical center. Patients: 10693 patients went through inpatient hysteroscopic surgery distended with 5% mannitol solution using monopolar electrosurgical instrument from Jan. 2015 to Sep. 2020. Intervention(s): None. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. Measurements and Main Results: Fluid deficit more than 1000mL is defined as excessive distension absorption. Incidence of excessive distension absorption in all the inpatient hysteroscopic surgeries is 0.46% (49/10693). It is 2.57% (16/623) in transcervical resection of fibroid (TCRF), 2.36% (9/381) in retained products of conception (RPOC) removal, 1.20% (6/501) in hysteroscopic uterine septum resection (HSR), 0.53% (14/2621) in transcervical resections of adhesion (TCRA) while in the severe cases it was 2.34% (14/598), 0.48% (4/828) in transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE). Excessive distension absorption developed within ten minutes in two cases. Twelve of thirty nine patients with fluid deficit under 2500mL presented with clinical consequences related to circulation overload. Conclusion: Incidence of excessive distension absorption could be low generally however it would be five times higher in TCRP, RPOC removal and TCRA. Resection by needle electrode may contribute to the excessive distension absorption developed within short time. 30.77% of the patients could not tolerate the less than 2500mL distension absorption.

Assessment of tolerance and acceptability between mannitol solution and polyethylene glycol as bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a three-center study

Introduction: Adequate bowel preparation is one of the most important factors related to the yield of colonoscopy. Low-quality bowel preparation has been associated with lower adenoma detection rates and increased healthcare expenses. Bowel preparation is a major impediment to undergo colonoscopy since it is perceived as an unpleasant experience by patients. Objective: This study was aimed to assess tolerance and acceptability of the bowel preparation using either polyethylene glycol (PEG) or mannitol solution. Materials and methods: We enrolled 140 patients with indications of screening for colorectal cancer or with suspected large bowel diseases. They received either mannitol solution or PEG as bowel preparation. Patients were asked to fill a questionnaire about the bowel preparation experience. Results: Patients perceived more burdensome the preparation with PEG than mannitol for the variables nausea overall experience, post-procedure discomfort, disagreeable flavor, volume ingested and cost (p<0.05). A similar tolerance was reported for abdominal pain, bloating and anal irritation (p>0.05). The acceptability was 82.9% and 71.4% in the Mannitol group and in the PEG group, respectively (p=0.10). Conclusion: Acceptance of the bowel preparation between mannitol solution and PEG was comparable. However, mannitol was bettertolerated by the patients in regard to most of the evaluated items.

Changes in Mannitol Content, Regulation of Genes Involved in Mannitol Metabolism, and the Protective Effect of Mannitol onVolvariella volvaceaat Low Temperature

The mechanism of autolysis ofVolvariella volvacea(V. volvacea) at low temperature has not been fully explained. As mannitol is among the most important osmotic adjustment substances in fungal resistance, this study sampled mycelia of strains V23 and VH3 treated at 0°C for 0, 2, 4, 8, and 10 h to analyze changes in intracellular mannitol content by high-performance anion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HAPEC-PAD). Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis was applied to assess differences in the transcript levels of genes associated with mannitol metabolism under low-temperature stress. A mannitol solution was added to cultures ofV. volvaceafruiting bodies, and effects on the hypothermic resistance of these organs were explored by evaluating variations in sensory properties during cryogenic storage after harvest. The results suggested that in the initial stage of low-temperature treatment, intracellular mannitol was largely catabolized as an energy storage material and the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in synthetic reactions was inhibited. However, low-temperature resistance was induced with further treatment, with activation of mannitol synthesis and inhibition of degradation; the cells accumulated mannitol, leading to osmoregulation. No significant elongation ofV. volvaceafruiting bodies during storage at 4°C was observed, and these organs tended to shrink and collapse. The sensory quality of mannitol-treated fruiting bodies was much better than that of control fruiting bodies. Application of a mannitol solution at the cultivation stage ofV. volvaceasomewhat improved the low-temperature resistance of the fruiting bodies, verifying the correlation between mannitol and resistance to this stress inV. volvacea. The results of this study lay a foundation for a deeper understanding of the autolysis mechanism ofV. volvacea, providing technical support for increasing the cryopreservation time of this species and extending the postharvest shelf life of its fruiting bodies. In addition, the mechanism underlying the low-temperature tolerance of the VH3 strain should be further explained at the molecular level.

NEW BOWEL PREPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR COLONOSCOPY: CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING AQUANET AND MANNITOL

ABSTRACT Background: Fifty-five percent of Americans aged 50-65 are submitted to colonoscopy. For over 65-year, this number increases to 64%. In Brazil, it is forecast that the population submitted to colonoscopy will grow, even though inadequate preparation is still a major problem. Aim: To analyze the quality of a new intestinal preparation technique, Aquanet EC-2000®, compared to oral Mannitol solution. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 200 patients with indication for colonoscopy. The sample was randomly allocated to two groups of 100; one group received Aquanet EC-2000® to prepare for colonoscopy and the other Mannitol solution. The Boston scale was used to analyze the results. Results: As expected both preparations produced similar results with the bowel cleansing of the different regions of the colon being classified as Boston scale 3 (excellent) in most patients (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of bowel preparation using Aquanet EC-2000® were similar to using Mannitol solution.

Evaluation of an Anthocyanin, Cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside, as an Allelochemical in Red Callus of a Mangrove Sonneratia ovata, Using Protoplast Co-Culture Bioassay Method with Digital Image Analysis

protoplasts to examine the allelopathic activities. Protoplasts were isolated with Cellulase R10 and Driselase 20 in 0.6 M mannitol solution and purified by density gradient centrifugation on 0.6 M sucrose. Protoplasts were co-cultured in 50 μL of liquid Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.1 μM benzyladenine and 0.6 M mannitol solution in a 96-well culture plate. Protoplast density ranged from 5 × 103/mL to 105/mL. Cell division of lettuce protoplasts was strongly inhibited by addition of S. ovata protoplasts, and non-spherical cell enlargement was slightly inhibited. By contrast, digital image analysis of scanned 96-well culture platesrevealed no inhibition in accumulation of yellow color in lettuce protoplasts. An anthocyanin, cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (cyanin), was identified and its content in the red callus was ca. 1 mM of fresh weight. The effects of cyanin on the growth of lettuce protoplasts at three stages were similar to those of red S. ovata protoplasts. From these results, cyanin was most likely the allelochemical contained in red callus of S. ovata. The allelopathic activity of cyanin was compared with that of other putative allelochemicals in several plant materials, using the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis.