Influence of Tsunami Aspect Ratio on Near and Far-Field Tsunami Amplitude

This study presents a numerical investigation of the source aspect ratio (AR) influence on tsunami decay characteristics with an emphasis in near and far-field differences for two initial wave shapes Pure Positive Wave and N-wave. It is shown that, when initial total energy for both tsunami types is kept the same, short-rupture tsunami with more concentrated energy are likely to be more destructive in the near-field, whereas long rupture tsunami are more dangerous in the far-field. The more elongated the source is, the stronger the directivity and the slower the amplitude decays in the intermediate- and far-fields. We present evidence of this behavior by comparing amplitude decay rates from idealized sources and showing their correlation with that observed in recent historical events of similar AR.

The Existence and Bifurcation of Peakon and Anti-Peakon to the n-Degree b-Equation

In this paper, we study the existence and bifurcation of peakon and anti-peakon to the [Formula: see text]-degree [Formula: see text]-equation with [Formula: see text] and positive integer [Formula: see text]. Using qualitative theory and bifurcation method of dynamical systems, for positive wave speed we confirm the following properties: (1) When [Formula: see text], the equation has peakon, but no anti-peakon. (2) When [Formula: see text], the equation has not only peakon but also anti-peakon. There is a bifurcation wave speed for peakon and anti-peakon. (3) When [Formula: see text] is even, there exists a maximum wave speed for peakon. (4) When [Formula: see text] is odd, there is no maximum wave speed for peakon.

Developing Strategic Leadership in the Indian Context

With intense competition, it has become quite challenging for organizations to continuously create and innovate. Since leadership has been identified as an effective key factor in attaining sustainable competitive edge, there remains a lack of research to assess the role of leadership most likely to cause creativity and innovation. This chapter tries to conceptualize the impact of developing strategic leadership in Indian organizations. This has a significant impact on organizational creativity and innovation. Firms facing recession need to develop their leaders as strategic leaders who can generate a positive wave in the organization, provide direction to employees, generate genuine interest among employees to learn and grow. Strategic leaders develop commitment among employees by providing a vision and goal to them. They think strategically and frame policies as per employees' needs and expectations. This study demonstrates the impact of strategic leadership style to generate creativity and innovation among their subordinates.

Effects of Macro and Microstructure of Aluminum Alloy AA 6063-T6 with TIG-AC Welding Process with Unbalanced Rectangular Wave

The use of the rectangular wave in the TIG-CA welding process for aluminum alloys allows numerous possibilities of frequency control, wave amplitude variation and positive or negative current for the same wave cycle. The configuration selected is decisive for the effect and final property of the weld bead, where alternating current variation in aluminum alloy welding is widely used and is intended to promote surface oxide layer cleanliness while promoting penetration of the joint. In the literature it is common to find statements that the cleaning of the oxide layer at the welding time is connected to the positive wave cycle and the penetration is connected to the negative wave cycle time. For the research proposal, TIG-AC welding of the aluminum alloy AA 6063-T6 was performed by simple plate deposition with rectangular wave with variation both in the current and in the time of positive polarity of the electrode in the cycle in the current welding wave 140 A, For balance conditions at 50% of the positive polarity at a waveform time period of 20 ms, followed by wave unbalance to 32.5% and 15% of the positive polarity acting time maintaining a constant frequency of 50 Hz for all settings. The results for the selected settings show that the decrease in the positive wave time decreases the penetration and the width of the weld bead and this may be related to the selection of time and frequency used.

Noninvasive Monitoring of Cardiac Preload and Contractility by Heart Beat-Derived Mechanical Vibration on the Chest Wall in Guinea Pigs

<p><em>Background:</em><strong> </strong>Myocardial motion produces compression waves that are transmitted to the surface of the chest and vibrate the chest wall. Piezoelectric transducers, which detect mechanical vibrations, may be useful for evaluating cardiac and/or breathing movements when the sensor is placed under an animal’s body.</p><p><em>Methods:</em><strong> </strong>We assessed heartbeat-related chest vibration signals (CVS) detected with a piezoelectric transducer in anesthetized guinea pigs while simultaneously monitoring the electrocardiogram, heart sounds, aortic pressure, and central venous pressure.</p><p><em>Results:</em><strong> </strong>CVS displayed characteristic features as the ventricle and/or atrium contracted and relaxed during cardiac cycles. A transient positive wave, which occurred approximately at the onset of the R wave on the electrocardiogram, was followed by a profound negative wave during systole. The negative wave peaked early in systole and then gradually returned. A small notch was observed at the second heart sound. A dome-shaped positive wave was observed during diastole that connected to the transient positive wave of the next cardiac cycle. In response to phlebotomy (blood volume, 15 ml/kg), the size of the dome-shaped positive wave decreased, whereas saline transfusion (20 ml/kg) increased the positive wave during diastole. Administration of isoproterenol markedly increased the transient positive wave at the onset of systole, whereas phenylephrine affected the transient positive wave only slightly.</p><p><em>Conclusions: </em>Our findings suggest that CVS may be useful to identify cardiac cycles and to evaluate cardiovascular dynamics during changes in blood volume and/or cardiac contractility.</p>

3D Stability Model Test on Revetment Instability and Optimization

2D wave model test was in common use for the verification of structure stability in coastal design in past decades. However, only positive wave could be simulated in 2D model and in practical many coastal engineering were damaged by oblique wave. The revetment stability was tested through 3D wave physical model for a coastal engineering in Dalian city. The result show that wave height in shallow water area would be larger than that in deep area under specific terrain. The stability of revetment armor block in shallow area may be worse than deep area under action of breaking wave in surf zone. The blocks in bottom fail in stability first and then the upper slide down. Oblique wave is more dangerous than positive wave. The necessity of 3D stability model test on verification and optimization of revetment design is reflected once more in this research.

The Influence of Lifelong Musicianship on Neurophysiological Measures of Concurrent Sound Segregation

The ability to separate concurrent sounds based on periodicity cues is critical for parsing complex auditory scenes. This ability is enhanced in young adult musicians and reduced in older adults. Here, we investigated the impact of lifelong musicianship on concurrent sound segregation and perception using scalp-recorded ERPs. Older and younger musicians and nonmusicians were presented with periodic harmonic complexes where the second harmonic could be tuned or mistuned by 1–16% of its original value. The likelihood of perceiving two simultaneous sounds increased with mistuning, and musicians, both older and younger, were more likely to detect and report hearing two sounds when the second harmonic was mistuned at or above 2%. The perception of a mistuned harmonic as a separate sound was paralleled by an object-related negativity that was larger and earlier in younger musicians compared with the other three groups. When listeners made a judgment about the harmonic stimuli, the perception of the mistuned harmonic as a separate sound was paralleled by a positive wave at about 400 msec poststimulus (P400), which was enhanced in both older and younger musicians. These findings suggest attention-dependent processing of a mistuned harmonic is enhanced in older musicians and provides further evidence that age-related decline in hearing abilities are mitigated by musical training.