Antibodies to neurotransmitters - neuroimmune markers in individual prefention of addiction

Цель исследования - изучение содержания аутоантител к нейромедиаторам дофамину, норадреналину, серотонину, глутамату и ГАМК на разных стадиях развития зависимости от ПАВ, а также влияние различных видов наркотиков на их уровень в сыворотках крови. Методика. Исследование выполнено на базе отделения аддиктивных состояний и лаборатории клинической психонейроиммунологии и нейробиологии НИИ психического здоровья Томского НИМЦ РАН. Группу здоровых людей составили 148 студентов средних специальных и высших учебных заведений. Группа наркологических пациентов состояла из 203 лиц. Кровь для исследования у наркологических пациентов брали однократно при поступлении в стационар или на диспансерном приеме. У добровольцев кровь брали однократно при обследовании. Антитела к нейромедиаторам дофамину (ДА), норадреналину (НА), серотонину (5-ОТ), глутамату (ГЛУ) и ГАМК определяли методом твердофазного ИФА (ELISA) на полистироловых 96-луночных планшетах, сенсибилизированных тест-антигеном. В качестве тест-антигенов использовали конъюгаты нейромедиатора с бычьим сывороточным альбумином (БСА). Конъюгированные антигены ДА-БСА и 5-ОТ-БСА синтезировали с использованием диазотированного белка. Конъюгаты НА-БСА, ГЛУ_БСА и ГАМК-БСА синтезировали с помощью глутарового альдегида. Полученные данные статистически обрабатывали с использованием непараметрического критерия Манна-Уитни и точного метода Фишера. Результаты. Установлено, что уровень антител к нейромедиаторам (ДА, НА, 5-ОТ, ГЛУ, ГАМК) может отражать изменения в нейротрансмиттерных системах головного мозга, происходящие при развитии зависимости от ПАВ и выявлять особенности действия различных наркотических веществ. Наиболее существенное усиление продукции аутоантител к нейромедиаторам наблюдалось у пациентов с опийной наркоманией. Пациенты, злоупотреблявшие психоактивными веществами без развития зависимости, но с вредными последствиями для здоровья, характеризовались низким уровнем аутоантител к нейромедиаторам. При этом следует особо отметить более выраженное снижение уровня аутоантител к глутамату в этой группе пациентов. Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что аутоантитела к нейромедиаторам особенно к дофамину, норадреналину, глутамату могут рассматриваться в качестве нейроиммунных маркеров стадийного развития аддиктивных состояний. The purpose. The aim of this work was to study the level of autoantibodies to neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, glutamate and GABA at different stages of development of the psychoactive substances dependence, as well as the effect of various types of narcotics on their serum levels. Methods. The study was performed on the basis of the department of addictive states and the laboratory of clinical psychoneuroimmunology and neurobiology of the Mental Health Research Institute Tomsk NRMC RAS. The group of healthy people was 148 students of secondary special and higher educational institutions. The group of narcological patients consisted of 203 persons. Blood for study in narcological patients was taken only once on admission to hospital or on a dispensary. The volunteers received blood once during the examination. Antibodies to neurotransmitters dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NA), serotonin (5-OT), glutamate (GLU) and GABA were determined by solid-state ELISA (ELISA) on polystyrene 96-well plates sensitized with test antigen. As test antigens were used. neuromediators conjugate with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Conjugated DA-BSA and 5-OT-BSA antigens were synthesized using a diazotized protein. Conjugates of NA-BSA, GLU-BSA and GABA-BSA were synthesized with glutaraldehyde. The data obtained were statistically processed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and Fisher’s exact method. Results. As a result of the study, it was established that the level of antibodies to neurotransmitters (DA, NA, 5-OT, GLU, GABA) may reflect changes in neurotransmitter systems of the brain that occur when development of the psychoactive substances dependence and may to reveal the specific features of the action of various narcotic substances. The most significant increase in the production of autoantibodies to neurotransmitters was observed in patients with opiate addiction. Patients who abused psychoactive substances without dependence development, but with harmful health effects, were characterized by a low level of autoantibodies to neurotransmitters. In this case, we should especially note a more pronounced decrease in the level of autoantibodies to glutamate in this group of patients. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that autoantibodies to neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate can be considered as neuroimmune markers of the stage development of addictive states.

To The Question of Destigmatization of Psychiatry and Mentally III Persons In The Modern Society

In recent decades, new medications have been developed that entailed possibility of rehabilitation and socialization of mentally ill persons.PurposeTo consider a phenomenon of destigmatization of mentally ill persons on the example of the analysis of screening-questioning in mental health service.MethodsRandomized screening-questioning of participants of Open Doors Day in the clinics of Mental Health Research Institute (Tomsk, Russia) in connection with World Mental Health Day in October, 2015.ResultsOne hundred and forty-six residents of Tomsk and inhabitants of the Tomsk Region as well as other cities visited Mental Health Research Institute. 76,5% of them visited mental health service for the first time. More than a half of visitors (51%) was the most able-bodied age group – 20-50 years old; elderly people – 20%. According to many-year observation of authors of the work, there is a gradual destigmatization of people with mental health problems. Process of destigmatization will develop further, and mass media should also be engaged in it. One more moment should be emphasized – reduction of self-stigmatization. Though people do not still aim to seek for psychiatric help at the appropriate institutions (they prefer to visit the psychiatrist of the catchment area policlinic), they after all started recognizing presence of the problem, understanding the need of its overcoming, and possibility of its correction.ConclusionThe attitude of society towards people with mental health problems and towards psychiatry reasonably changes, and this promotes further development in the field of help to patients and their relatives.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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