PROSPECTS FOR REFORM OF MEDICAL COVERAGE IN MOROCCO

For equal access to health care and to allow citizens greater access to the health system, Law 65-00 relating to Basic Health Insurance (BHI) was created in Morocco in 2005. The development of this law marks the starting point for all optimized actions with measurable objectives in the health sector. Even if this law has evolved gradually to try to generalize medical coverage, but it currently remains obsolete, because fifteen years after its implementation, it has not allowed the universalization of medical coverage to all citizens. However, further reform is called for. Government, institutions and society are under increasing pressure to ensure further reform. The constraints of implementing solid governance, financing, equal access to healthcare services are challenges to be taken up in order to reform the regulations relating to medical coverage in Morocco.

Comparison of inequity in health-related quality of life among unemployed and employed individuals in China

Background In China, achieving health equity has been regarded as a key issue for health reform and development in the current context. It is well known that unemployment has a negative effect on health. However, few studies have addressed the association between unemployment and inequity in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aims to compare the inequality and inequity in HRQOL between the unemployed and employed in China. Methods The material regarding this study was derived from the Chinese National Health Services Survey of Shaanxi Province for 2013. We controlled for confounding factors by utilizing the coarsened exact matching method. Finally, 7524 employed individuals and 283 unemployed individuals who were 15 to 64 years old in urban areas were included in this study. We used HRQOL as the outcome variable, which was evaluated by using the Chinese version of EQ-5D-3L. The health concentration index, decomposition analysis based on the Tobit model, and the horizontal inequity index were employed to compute the socioeconomic-related equity between the unemployed and employed and the contribution of various factors. Results After matching, unemployed people tended to have poorer EQ-5D utility scores than employed people. There were statistically pro-rich inequalities in HRQOL among both employed and unemployed people, and the pro-rich health inequity of unemployed people was substantially higher than that of employed people. Economic status, age, education, smoking and health insurance were the factors influencing inequality in HRQOL between employed and unemployed individuals. Education status and basic health insurance have reduced the pro-rich inequity in HRQOL for unemployed people. Conclusion It is suggested that unemployment intensifies inequality and inequity in HRQOL. According to policymakers, basic health insurance is still a critical health policy for improving health equity for the unemployed. Intervention initiatives aiming to tackle long-term unemployment through active labour market programmes, narrow economic gaps, improve educational equity and promote the health status of the unemployed should be considered by the government to achieve health equity.

Legal and Policy Requirements of Basic Health Insurance Package to Achieve Universal Health Coverage in a developing country

Objectives: This study has analyzed the policy-making requirements related to basic health insurance package at the national level with a systematic view. Results: All the documents presented since the enactment of universal health insurance in Iran from 1994 to 2017 were included applying Scott method for assuring meaningfulness, authenticity, credibility and representativeness. Then, content analysis was conducted applying MAXQDA10. The legal and policy requirements related to basic health insurance package were summarized into 3 main themes and 11 subthemes. The main themes include three kinds of requirements at three level of Third party insurer, Health care provider and Citizen/population that contains 5 (financing insurance package, organizational structure, tariffing and purchasing the benefit packages and integration of policies and precedents), 4 (determining the necessities, provision of services, rules relating to implementation and covered services) and 2 (expanded coverage of population and insurance premiums) sub themes respectively. According to the results, Iranian policy makers should notice three axes of third party insurers, health providers and population of the country to prepare an appropriate basic benefit package based on local needs for all the people that can access with no financial barriers in order to be sure of achieving UHC.

Legal and policy requirements of basic health insurance package to achieve universal health coverage in a developing country

Objectives This study has analyzed the policy-making requirements related to basic health insurance package at the national level with a systematic view. Results All the documents presented since the enactment of universal health insurance in Iran from 1994 to 2017 were included applying Scott method for assuring meaningfulness, authenticity, credibility and representativeness. Then, content analysis was conducted applying MAXQDA10. The legal and policy requirements related to basic health insurance package were summarized into three main themes and 11 subthemes. The main themes include three kinds of requirements at three level of third party insurer, health care provider and citizen/population that contains 5 (financing insurance package, organizational structure, tariffing and purchasing the benefit packages and integration of policies and precedents), 4 (determining the necessities, provision of services, rules relating to implementation and covered services) and 2 (expanded coverage of population and insurance premiums) sub themes respectively. According to the results, Iranian policy makers should notice three axes of third party insurers, health providers and population of the country to prepare an appropriate basic benefit package based on local needs for all the people that can access with no financial barriers in order to be sure of achieving UHC.

Legal and Policy Requirements of Basic Health Insurance Package to Achieve Universal Health Coverage in a developing country

Objectives: This study has analyzed the policy-making requirements related to basic health insurance package at the national level with a systematic view. Results: All the documents presented since the enactment of universal health insurance in Iran from 1994 to 2017 were included applying Scott method for assuring meaningfulness, authenticity, credibility and representativeness. Then, content analysis was conducted applying MAXQDA10. The legal and policy requirements related to basic health insurance package were summarized into 3 main themes and 11 subthemes. The main themes include three kinds of requirements at three level of Third party insurer, Health care provider and Citizen/population that contains 5 (financing insurance package, organizational structure, tariffing and purchasing the benefit packages and integration of policies and precedents), 4 (determining the necessities, provision of services, rules relating to implementation and covered services) and 2 (expanded coverage of population and insurance premiums) sub themes respectively. According to the results, Iranian policy makers should notice three axes of third party insurers, health providers and population of the country to prepare an appropriate basic benefit package based on local needs for all the people that can access with no financial barriers in order to be sure of achieving UHC.

How Individual Characters Affect the Ex ante Moral Hazard of Basic Medical Insurance: Evidence from China

How individual characters affect the ex ante moral hazard of basic medical insurance still remain academically debatable. This paper based on divergent individual characters of insurers to analyze the roles of basic health insurance on the ex ante moral hazard. It found health level, marital status, income level and age are the key individual factors affecting ex ante moral hazard of basic health insurance. But the roles of rural-urban difference and gender are not obvious. It gives supplementary explanations to the medical service expenditure, waste of medical resources and other issues, and also put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.

Legal and Policy Requirements of Basic Health Insurance Package to Achieve Universal Health Coverage in a developing country

Objectives This study has analyzed the policy-making requirements related to Basic health insurance package at the national level with a systematic view. Results All the documents presented since the enactment of universal health insurance in Iran from 1994 to 2017 were included applying Scott method for assuring meaningfulness, authenticity, credibility and representativeness of the documents. Then, content analysis was conducted applying MAXQDA10. The legal and policy requirements related to Basic health insurance package were summarized into 11 main themes and 54 subthemes. The main themes include financing benefit package, necessity to determine the package, organizational structure, tariffing and purchasing the packages, services covered by the package, expanded coverage of population, provision of services, implementation rules, premium, integration of policies. According to the results, there is a growing trend in the themes related to Basic health insurance package in terms of the development of legal mechanisms in the last two decades. Provisions are almost comprehensive: as it was described, notable points in this regard are discussions related to the administration and implementation of these cases, monitoring, and finally controlling them.