Frequency of Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Textile Mill Workers

Hearing impairment is a natural ageing as well as the most common reason of disability in the world. Hearing loss can increase the worsening of health quality of life and damaged hearing, which can lead to social behavior, anxiety, interpersonal vulnerability and conflicts for the affected individuals Objectives: The objective of this study is to find out frequency of noise induced hearing loss and its association in textile mill workers. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted on 125 textile mill workers with nonprobability purposive sampling having 5 to 10 years working experience in spinning and weaving units of age 25 to 40 years (males). Data was collected by performing Otoscopy, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry in noise controlled room, analyzed and evaluated with the help of statistical package for social sciences version 25.00.Pearson chi square was used and P value was equal or less than 5% was taken as significant. Results: Total number of 125(100%) were tested to check their hearing levels by standard pure tone audiometry. Out of 125(100%) 14(11.2 %) were with normal hearing. 28(22.4%) with mild hearing, 36(29%) with mild to moderate hearing, 34(27%) with moderate hearing, 12(10%) with moderately severe hearing and 1(0.8%) with severe hearing levels. Out of 125(100%) 50 (40%) were diagnosed with low level of anxiety, 43(34%) were with moderate level of anxiety and 32(26%) were with severe level of anxiety in all the participants working in the textile mill. Conclusions: It is concluded that the mill workers are on the risk of developing hearing loss of different severity levels which also cause anxiety to them.

Psychopathology and risk factors for suicide in the young

First, risk factors along the categories of pathology, emotional states, personality traits, deficits, interpersonal vulnerability factors, stressors, and facilitators and inhibitors of suicidal behaviour are classified. The second section focuses on different pathways, based on different major dynamics, showing that there is more than one cluster of suicidal behaviour in adolescents. The section also provides examples of empirical models that try to track the interactions between the various risk factors leading to suicidal behaviour. The last section consists of a presentation of several new theoretical perspectives of self-destructive behaviour among the adolescent population. Many risk factors have been implicated in suicidal behaviour. In order to gain clarity in this web of multiple risk factors, a meaningful organization of the existing data is needed. Here, we will lean on Orbach’s (1997) taxonomy of risk factors in order to facilitate the organization of data related to suicidal behaviour among adolescents.

Acceptance, Vulnerability, and Compassion

Therapies that enhance mindfulness, acceptance, compassion, and interpersonal vulnerability among sexual and gender minority (SGM) clients offer the potential to reduce the impact of minority stress, rejection sensitivity, and shame. This chapter describes three therapies in detail that utilize mindfulness and acceptance processes: acceptance and commitment therapy, functional analytic psychotherapy, and compassion-focused therapy. These therapies emphasize improved emotion regulation, increased genuineness and vulnerability in interpersonal relationships, and reductions in the experience of shame. Vignettes with therapeutic dialog are provided to illustrate the active elements of each approach. Although empirical evidence supports the effectiveness of these therapies on targets that SGM psychology suggest are areas of vulnerability for SGM clients, the bodies of empirical research describing these therapies and the well-being of SGM clients are still primarily separate and only beginning to be connected. Future directions that might improve the evidence base for these therapies with SGM clients are proposed.

Neural and computational processes underlying dynamic changes in self-esteem

Self-esteem is shaped by the appraisals we receive from others. Here, we characterize neural and computational mechanisms underlying this form of social influence. We introduce a computational model that captures fluctuations in self-esteem engendered by prediction errors that quantify the difference between expected and received social feedback. Using functional MRI, we show these social prediction errors correlate with activity in ventral striatum/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, while updates in self-esteem resulting from these errors co-varied with activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). We linked computational parameters to psychiatric symptoms using canonical correlation analysis to identify an ‘interpersonal vulnerability’ dimension. Vulnerability modulated the expression of prediction error responses in anterior insula and insula-vmPFC connectivity during self-esteem updates. Our findings indicate that updating of self-evaluative beliefs relies on learning mechanisms akin to those used in learning about others. Enhanced insula-vmPFC connectivity during updating of those beliefs may represent a marker for psychiatric vulnerability.