Identification Noise monitoring for students in SMAN 1 Tapaktuan

A high school is a place that is used as a place for the learning and teaching process, so a comfortable place is needed from disturbances in the study room. The Design System for Noise Monitoring Devices as an Effort to Minimize Noise Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) is designed to create comfort in the learning and teaching process at SMAN Tapaktuan so that teachers can concentrate without disturbing the noise generated by students. This tool is controlled by nodemcu and a sound sensor as a noise detector with an appropriate output by sending notifications to the Blynk Application. How the tool works when the sound sensor detects a noise level between 30 dB to 49 dB then dfplayer will issue a warning in the form of a warning "this room is noisy" and send a notification to the blynk application with the text form "room A is noisy" if the sensor detects above 50 dB then a warning loud sound will be issued by Dfplayer in the form of sound and at the same time send notifications to the blynk application. The purpose of the tool Any noise detected by the sound sensor then dfplayer will issue a small or loud warning and send a notification to the blynk application.

Retrospective study of lightning fatalities in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh

is a massive electrostatic discharge caused by the circulation of warm moisture-filled air through unbalanced electric field in the atmosphere, accompanied by the loud sound of thunder.: The present study was conducted to ascertain the pattern of lightning cases along with distribution of cases based on age, sex, season, location, activity of the victim and injury pattern in the corpse.: The present cross sectional retrospective study was carried out in the department of Forensic Medicine at Govt. Medical College, Raigarh, CG. All autopsy cases of lightning deaths from 2018 to 2019 (two years) were considered for the study.: Most of the deceased were in the age group of 31-40 years. All incidents happened in open field. High incidence of lightning deaths occurred during monsoon season and peak incidence in evening hours. In most cases arborescent mark was found as pathognomonic finding.: Lightning incidents are always accidental in nature. They are fatal and need prompt resuscitative measures. Lightning injuries have bizarre presentation in the body, therefore the autopsy surgeon needs meticulous and detailed methodical approach during autopsy.

Differences in perceived loudness between men and women: A cross-cultural comparison among Japanese, Chinese, and Malaysians

Previously, we investigated gender difference in loudness perception among Japanese and Chinese. Among Chinese, female participants tended to assigned higher loudness scores than did males for the same sound. That difference was also evident when a ratio scale, such as magnitude estimation, was used to evaluate loudness. However, among Japanese, that difference was not clearly observed when the ratio scale was applied. To examine factors affecting gender differences in loudness perception, we conducted the same rating experiments among Malaysian males and females. We found that a rating experiment using the verbal interval scale showed that the female Malaysian participants tended to rate the same sounds as louder than did males. In one test, we measured the limit of sound pressure level that would be perceived as soft or as loud: we observed the above gender differences with the lowest limit of loud sound. However, that gender difference did not emerge in the rating experiments using the ratio scale. The tendency we recorded among Malaysians was the same as Japanese. Thus, differences in judging loudness between males and females may actually reflect differences in the use of verbal expressions rather than differences in perception.

Explosive sound without external stimuli following electroencephalography kappa rhythm fluctuation: A case report

Background The pathology underlying exploding head syndrome, a parasomnia causing a loud sound/sense of explosion, is not well understood. Kappa rhythm is a type of electroencephalogram alpha band activity with maximum potential between contralateral temporal electrodes We report a case of preceding kappa activity before exploding head syndrome attacks. Case report A 57-year-old woman complained of explosive sounds for 2 months; a loud sound would transpire every day before sleep onset. She was diagnosed with exploding head syndrome. During polysomnography and the multiple sleep latency test, the exploding head syndrome attacks occurred six times. A kappa wave with activity disappearing a few seconds before most exploding head syndrome attacks was observed. The alpha band power in T3-T4 derivation gradually waxed followed by termination around the attacks. Conclusion This case demonstrated that the dynamics of kappa activity precede exploding head syndrome attacks. Finding ways to modulate electroencephalogram oscillation could elucidate their causality and lead to therapeutic intervention.

Cartilage Conduction Hearing and Its Clinical Application

Cartilage conduction (CC) is a form of conduction that allows a relatively loud sound to be audible when a transducer is placed on the aural cartilage. The CC transmission mechanism has gradually been elucidated, allowing for the development of CC hearing aids (CC-HAs), which are clinically available in Japan. However, CC is still not fully understood. This review summarizes previous CC reports to facilitate its understanding. Concerning the transmission mechanism, the sound pressure level in the ear canal was found to increase when the transducer was attached to the aural cartilage, compared to an unattached condition. Further, inserting an earplug and injecting water into the ear canal shifted the CC threshold, indicating the considerable influence of cartilage–air conduction on the transmission. In CC, the aural cartilage resembles the movable plate of a vibration speaker. This unique transduction mechanism is responsible for the CC characteristics. In terms of clinical applications, CC-HAs are a good option for patients with aural atresia, despite inferior signal transmission compared to bone conduction in bony atretic ears. The advantages of CC, namely comfort, stable fixation, esthetics, and non-invasiveness, facilitate its clinical use.

Case of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: rare clinical features

A 2-month-old boy presented to us with bilateral microtia, left lower motor neuron facial palsy, micrognathia, hemivertebra, bifid rib, bifid thumb and absent/hypoplastic right-sided depressor anguli oris. He had bilateral external auditory canal atresia, although response to loud sound was present. Brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA) was advised at 3 months of age. Karyotype was normal. We diagnosed him as a case of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. Child was discharged on request by the family with the plan for bone-anchored hearing aid after BERA and plan for pinna and ear canal reconstruction at a later age but child did not come for any follow-up visit. On telephonic enquiry, it was found that he is thriving well but has developmental delay including speech delay. We conclude that children presenting with external ear abnormalities should be screened for multiple congenital anomalies so that a multidisciplinary approach to management can be planned.

Aristotle on Attention

I argue that a study of the Nicomachean Ethics and of the Parva Naturalia shows that Aristotle had a notion of attention. This notion captures the common aspects of apparently different phenomena like perceiving something vividly, being distracted by a loud sound or by a musical piece, focusing on a geometrical problem. For Aristotle, these phenomena involve a specific selectivity that is the outcome of the competition between different cognitive stimuli. This selectivity is attention. I argue that Aristotle studied the common aspects of the physiological processes at the basis of attention and its connection with pleasure. His notion can explain perceptual attention and intellectual attention as voluntary or involuntary phenomena. In addition, it sheds light on how attention and enjoyment can enhance our cognitive activities.

IoT-Based Agri-Safety Model

There are many problems in the agricultural sector. One of the major issues is the safety of crops from the animals. The crop land near forest or any reserved wildlife get affected by the animals, decreasing production. The result is the conflict between animals and farmers. This chapter proposes an inexpensive and effective way to alert the farmer of animal intrusion in the farm by employing a pressure load sensor deployed in the ground wired with a vertical mounted unit with the actuators. The vertically mounted unit produces a loud sound and LED light strobes to deter the animal and also alert the farmer.