Cross-country Spatial Patterns in Terms of Human Development Indices

The present study attempts to answer the question, which is not considered in the United Nations’ annual Human Development Reports, namely, how spatial patterns of the world countries differ in terms of human development indices. The quantitative research includes three phases. First, functional relations between indices were analysed based on Moran’s I and data fitted by linear regression. Second, clustering of the world countries by human development indices revealed seven spatial clusters. Third, the countries were classified by the types of significant human development problems. The classification distinguished various types of countries: prosperous, problematic and problematic in certain areas. Correlation and spatial dependence analysis demonstrated an important relationship between education and child indicators, in particular, years of education and life expectancy. As a result, the territorial concentration of countries with similar human development was noticed. According to all four groups of indices, 51 prosperous countries (the majority of which are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) are characterised by the lack of serious problems. The group of problematic countries includes 51 territories mostly located in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as in Asia, Latin America and Oceania. The findings on relative similarity observed in the identified clusters and groups can be used for developing standard solutions to improve human development. Further research in this direction seems promising.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK MELALUI PERMAINAN BAKIAK DI KELOMPOK B KB NURUL YAQIN WRINGIN ANOM ASEMBAGUS SITUBONDO

The emotional social development of children is important to develop due to their self-confidence, independence and initiative. Children's emotional social development can be developed through clogs. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation and results of clogs in an effort to improve children's social emotional. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) on group B students at KB Nurul Yaqin Wringin Anom Asembagus Situbondo. The study was conducted in a cycle, which is each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection with the aim to improve the quality of learning in the classroom. Based on the results of the study, namely the implementation of clogs to improve children's emotional social development at KB Nurul Yaqin includes; The teacher divides the groups, each group consists of 2-3 children according to the capacity of clogs. On the results of the implementation of the activity showed an increase in aspects of social emotional development of children through clogs, namely Pre-cycle, the percentage value reached 37.5%. The average achievement of child indicators is 4.5. After the Cycle I action, the percentage value reaches 75% with the achievement of the indicator being 6. In Cycle II the percentage value reaches 87.5% with the achievement value of the child indicator being 7.5.