Intergroup Relation-Based Conflict Resolution Patterns to Junior High School Students

Conflicts between junior high school students cannot be underestimated or left unchecked so that it drags on and causes ongoing conflicts if a settlement pattern and root cause are not found immediately. This study aims to analyze the pattern of intergroup relation-based conflict resolution carried out by junior high school students. This article is the result of research conducted using the development (R&D) method with the stages of needs analysis, development, and testing. The data collection method was carried out by distributing questionnaires to public junior high schools randomly consisting of 799 respondents, namely 329 male and 470 female. Data processing is done by grouping student answers based on research indicators in order to obtain a conflict resolution model used by students. The results showed that the pattern of intergroup relation-based conflict resolution carried out by junior high school students and equivalent in solving problems, students were more dominant in choosing how to communicate, either through cellphones or meeting in person to discuss the root causes of the problems that occurred then reconciled by apologizing to each other, do not do violence, avoid emotions, say rude, high-pitched, to avoid fights. As for students who use violence in an effort to solve problems, it will occur if one of their friends shows opposition and resistance, has a high-pitched tone to speak harshly so that it ignites excessive emotions and causes fights.

Dynamics in the Contents of Self-Stereotyping and its Implication in Inter-Group Relations

Objectives. Developing a comprehensive model to understand intergroup relationship through integrating two constructs usually used to be examined discretely; self-stereotyping and stereotyping. Background. Today’s understanding of intergroup behavior is firmly grounded in concepts related to stereotypes. In literature, apparently, there are, two dominant approaches in studying stereotype’s effect on intergroup relations. The first approach focuses on the effect of dominant group’s stereotype on intergroup relation, while the second approach focuses on studying the impacts of self stereotyping on victims. Furthermore, minority groups’ self-sterotyping is considered to be derived from the dominant groups’ stereotype. As a result, the prevailing approaches are insensitive to the dynamics in self-stereotype and its implication to the intergroup relationship. In this article, it is claimed that the etiology of intergroup behavior could be better understood by considering a mutually interacting groups’ perspective. Methodology. Systematic approach of reviewing the prevailing literature pertaining to stereotyping and self-stereotyping and integrative analysis method to develop new perspective. Conclusion. Intergroup relation involves the interaction of two or more groups each of them having stereotypes regarding their own group and outgroup. Thus, in this paper, we argued that, the etiology of intergroup behavior cannot be adequately understood without employing the belief system of mutually interacting groups. Hence, we integrated self-stereotyping and other’s stereotypes and the behaviors that emerge during intergroup relations is predicted using the dynamics in the content/valence of minority group members’ self-stereotyping simultaneously with the dominant groups’ stereotype. The integration of these two approaches appears to offer the most adequate explanation for the complex nature of intergroup behavior.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EXPERIENCING AND COPINGWITH A SENSEOF GUILT IN INTERPERSONAL AND INTERGROUP RELATION

The article deals with the results of the study aimed at evaluation of both genders representatives’ sense of guilt that arises at different levels of communication. Gender peculiarities of experiencing and coping with the sense of guilt in interpersonal and intergroup relationships were detected on the basis of three surveys of Ukrainian students (582, 63, and 34 persons). It is shown that majority of differences between women and men are consistent with existing stereotypes in the mass consciousness. Women are more clearly oriented on guilt that occur in the narrow circle of communication and more often emphasize its emotional and communicative content. Instead, men are more interested in superpersonal contexts and prefer instrumental positions. At the same time, the differences were recorded that contradict gender stereotypes. In assessments of students’ guilt women more frequently pay attention to effectiveness/inefficiency, while men emphasize the importance of such negative moral trait as dishonesty. In the sphere of broad social contacts women relatively more actively accuse the government authorities and insist on the need to increase effectiveness of all Ukrainians.

An Endless Struggle of Fighting Discrimination in the Name of Human Rights Protection

The Incident of George Floyd’s death reminds people of the peril of discrimination that still exists within the American society. The incident has triggered worldwide reactions from people who feel sympathy for the victim and reject racism. To eliminate racial discrimination, every modern society needs to remove any negative paradigm towards intergroup relation. In the context of the United States, the American Government has the responsibility to protect the rights of citizens from any forms of discrimination. That includes racial discrimination. In addition, people have to be reminiscent of the danger of racial discrimination in the modern era. The danger has the ability to disturb human rights protection. This study revealed history, criteria, and impacts of discrimination within the scope of human rights protection.

Autoritarisme de droite et changement d’attitude dans le conditionnement évaluatif

Right wing authoritarianism (RWA) is a co-variation of social conservatism, traditionalism, and authoritarianism. One of the characteristics of RWA is a less malleability of attitudes over time. However, the link between RWA and rigidity of attitudes has mainly been observed in intergroup relation contexts. Such studies focus on the relationship between RWA and attitude change towards real groups. While the value of this work is undeniable, it is not possible to examine attitude formation and attitude change in a controlled manner. Indeed, studying real social groups implies context effects or social preconceptions on the attitude formation and on attitude change. In this thesis, we are interested in the understanding of RWA in attitude change within a standardized and controlled framework, the evaluative conditioningcounter-conditioning paradigm. Across 11 experiments, we tested whether RWA predicts a lower change of attitude towards new artificial stimuli. We observed that RWA was negatively associated with sensitivity to counterconditioning. This effect, present in the great majority of our experiments, has been modulated by the characteristics of conditioning-counter-conditioning. More specifically, the amount of counter-attitudinal information available, the presence of instructions, and the decrease in attentional resources were shown to modulate the link between RWA and attitude change. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that a smaller change in attitude is related to RWA even with novel artificial stimuli.

Contributions of Social Neuroscience in the Study of Schadenfreude, Social Cognition and Emotion Intergroup: Integrative Review

The present article is a bibliographic research on the integrative literature review mode, on social neuroscience, social cognition and Schadenfreude in intergroup relations. The objective was to identify an understanding of how social neuroscience could contribute and offer new insights into the Social Cognition (eg: stereotypes, prejudice, social comparison), the Schadenfreude and neural process in social interactions. From the criteria of location and selection, 28 articles published in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and SCIELO between 2006 and 2015 were retrieved, using keywords: Schadenfreude and Social Cognition, Schadenfreude and Brain, Schadenfreude and Neural, Schadenfreude and Neuro, Schadenfreude and Intergroup relation. Generally, such articles are descriptive and qualitative, and they developed mostly with the samples that showed no pathology or disease in samples. A link it showed between the Schadenfreude and the neural interface, as well as social cognition and neuronal relationship with the aim of understanding how interact in a social context. It is perceived from the approach on the subject a better understanding of social behavior in real life through neurocognitive mechanisms offering evidence in the relationship between Schadenfreude, social neuroscience and social cognition.

When There Are Only Minorities

Intergroup relation perspectives stem from research in Western contexts with clear distinctions between the dominant and nondominant groups. In South Africa, with at least 13 different cultural groups and 11 official languages, no group is dominant in all life spheres. We examine the relationship between identity and in-/out-group orientation across Black-Zulu, Coloured (mixed racial ancestry), Indian, and White-Afrikaans emerging adults ( N = 390; 75% females, Mage = 19.97 years, SD = 2.44). Results indicate that personal identity for all groups and ethnic identity for Black-Zulu, Indian, and White-Afrikaans emerging adults were important for intergroup relations. Black-Zulu, Coloured, and Indian emerging adults distinguish themselves less from others, whereas White-Afrikaans emerging adults are less open to others. Ultimately, the complexity of intergroup relations in South Africa has implications for the effective transformation interventions needed to counter experiences of threat and make group boundaries more flexible for emerging adults.

Modernización y reconfiguración socio-productiva en un grupo de campesinos ganaderos del Noroeste de México, 1964-2000

Este artículo aborda el estudio de caso de un grupo de campesinos desplazados de sus pueblos en la región serrana, como resultado de la política modernizadora agrícola-ganadera en el noroeste de México. Se analizan, desde una perspectiva socio-antropológica e histórica, los aspectos que afectaron tanto el desarrollo de acciones y relaciones sociales dirigidas al mejoramiento de sus condiciones de vida, como de su actividad productiva bajo las nuevas circunstancias que les imponía dicha modernización, en una región semidesértica, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad, con la finalidad de recuperar sus propias experiencias y los significados de sus acciones. Encontramos que el nuevo esquema productivo y financiero, la exclusión de la ganadería tradicional, y los cambios en el uso y control de los recursos agua y tierra, fueron elementos que propiciaron conflictos internos entre estos campesinos y que al mismo tiempo, contribuyeron a la reconfiguración del complejo de relaciones sociales e identitarias existentes.Palabras Clave: campesinos, ganadería, relaciones entre grupos, identidad, estudio de caso, Noroeste de México. Modernization and Socio-Productive Reconfiguration in a Group of Cattle Raisers Peasant in the Northwest of Mexico, 1964-2000AbstractThis article approaches the study of case of a group of cattle raisers in the northern of Mexico. They are analyzed from a socio-anthropological and historical perspective, which were the aspects that affected so much the development of actions and social relations directed the improvement of his conditions of life as of his productive activity under the modernization process in a semidesert region, during the second half of the 20th century. Qualitative interviews were realized, with the purpose of recovering his experiences and the explanation or meaning of his actions in his own terms. We find that the new productive and financial scheme, the exclusion of the traditional ranching, and the changes in the use and control of the resources water and land, they propitiated internal conflicts between these peasants concerning the control and use of it, as well as the reconfiguration of the existing social relations and identities complex.Keywords: peasantry, cattle ranching,intergroup relation, identity, study of case, northern of Mexico.