Effect of Structural Differences on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Integrated Woven Spacer Sandwich Composites

Three-dimensional integrated woven spacer sandwich composites have been widely used as industrial textiles for many applications due to their superior physical and mechanical properties. In this research, 3D integrated woven spacer sandwich composites of five different specifications were produced, and the mechanical properties and performance were investigated under different load conditions. XR-CT (X-ray computed tomography) images were employed to visualize the microstructural details and analyze the fracture morphologies of fractured specimens under different load conditions. In addition, the effects of warp and weft direction, face sheet thickness, and core pile height on the mechanical properties and performance of the composite materials were analyzed. This investigation can provide significant guidance to help determine the structure of composite materials and design new products according to the required mechanical properties.

Toward on integrally-formed knitted fabrics used for automotive seat cover

Knitting forming is an advantage and distinguishing feature of knitting technology. The development of three-dimensional (3D) shaped technology and equipment, making knitted fabrics gradually developed from clothing domain to the industrial field. The automotive industry is one of the biggest markets for industrial textiles. Recently, most car seat covers in domestic market are made by cutting-and-sewing process, while, integrally-formed car seat covers are greatly far from commercial products. Therefore, this paper describes four knitting techniques for producing 3D shaped fabrics, and studies the knitting process of two types of 3D shaped geometries derived from car seat models. In present study, three-dimensional cutting method is used to unfold the two shapes in different ways and two knitting directions of one cutting method for individual 3D geometry are selected to knit on a Stoll computerized knitting machine. A mathematical relationship between 3D geometry and 2D unfolded shaping is established. After the shaping of each part is calculated, the program is made by the Pattern Preparation Unit and the knitting process is completed. The influence of two shaping techniques on the mechanical properties of the fully-fashioned fabric is evaluated, and it is found that compared with transferring-stitches technique, partial-knitting technique has superior mechanical properties. This study provides guides and references for the integrated automotive seat covers.

Detection of Fiber Defects Using Keypoints and Deep Learning

Due to the deforming and dynamically changing textile fibers, the quality assurance of cleaned industrial textiles is still a mostly manual task. Usually, textiles need to be spread flat, in order to detect defects using computer vision inspection methods. Already known methods for detecting defects on such inhomogeneous, voluminous surfaces use mainly supervised methods based on deep neural networks and require lots of labeled training data. In contrast, we present a novel unsupervised method, based on SURF keypoints, that does not require any training data. We propose using their location, number and orientation in order to group them into geographically close clusters. Keypoint clusters also indicate the exact position of the defect at the same time. We furthermore compared our approach to supervised methods using deep learning. The presented processing pipeline shows how normalization and classification methods need to be combined, in order to reliably detect fiber defects such as cuts and holes. We evaluate the performance of our system in real-world settings with images of piles of textiles, taken in stereo vision. Our results show that our novel unsupervised classification method using keypoint clustering achieves comparable results to other supervised methods.

Fuzzy clustering analysis of comprehensive hand of polyester fabric based on the CHES-FY system

Polyester fabrics are attributed with various performances and are currently applied widely in textiles. This necessitates a quick and effective selection process to choose polyester fabrics to correspond with engineers' designs for industrial textiles. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to present the comprehensive handle evaluation system for fabrics and yarns (CHES-FY), which has been specially developed to measure the basic handle of textile materials, including softness, stiffness, smoothness and tightness. Several kinds of polyester fabrics were chosen to undergo subjective evaluation and testing by the CHES-FY system, and were assigned into corresponding clusters by the K-means cluster method. The basic hand indexes of polyester fabric were featured. Comparisons between subjective judgments and the objective K-means cluster method were conducted. Experimental results show that a good correlation exists between subjective judgment and the objective cluster method, indicating that the four basic hand indexes measured by the CHES-FY system can be utilized to characterize the comprehensive hand of industrial polyester fabrics, and that the CHES-FY system can be used to discriminate categories of polyester fabrics.

Arab Labor Migration in the Americas, 1880–1930

Between 1880 and 1924, an estimated half million Arab migrants left the Ottoman Empire to live and work in the Americas. Responding to new economic forces linking the Mediterranean and Atlantic capitalist economies to one another, Arab migrants entered the manufacturing industries of the settler societies they inhabited, including industrial textiles, small-scale commerce (peddling), heavy machining, and migrant services associated with continued immigration from the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire enacted few policies to halt emigration from Syria, Mount Lebanon, and Palestine, instead facilitating a remittance economy that enhanced the emerging cash economies of the Arab world. After 1920, the French Mandate in Syria and Lebanon moved to limit new migration to the Americas, working together with increasingly restrictive immigration regimes in the United States, Argentina, and Brazil to halt Arab labor immigration. Using informal archives, the Arab American press, and the records of diasporic mutual aid and philanthropic societies, new research in Arab American migration illustrates how migrants managed a transnational labor economy and confronted challenges presented by American nativism, travel restriction, and interwar deportations.

New Flex Fatigue Tester for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite

Textile materials are widely used in the industrial textiles. The yarn and fabric fatigue are not easily prearranged hence, in most cases the apparatuses used for applying cyclic loading under flex fatigue conditions will affect only one section of the yarn and fabric and the results will depend on the level of heterogeneity of the tested material. The common methods of flex fatigue testing are to pull the tested specimen, hold under tension, backward and forward over a fixed roller or grip one end of the specimen while its free end is bent so, the specimen element is alternated between straight and bent form. The new suggested principle is the fixation of the yarns or fabrics in the internal part of rubber tire wheel and pressing it by the pressure of internal rubber tube with the external wheel under predetermined load to give the required bending deformation on the specimen. The theoretical calculation of the design indicates that the testing specimen is subjected to pure bending. In this work, a setup was built up and several types of the technical yarns, fabrics, as well as flexible composites, were tested.it was proves the degradations of the material under the flex fatigue. .

Previously unidentified sources of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances from building materials and industrial fabrics

Investigation of building materials and industrial textiles and identification of hitherto unknown sources of PFASs.

Development Performance of the Textile Industry of Serbia

The textile industry is still significantly involved in production and employment in developed countries and is a major source of growth in many developing countries. As a business with a long history, the textile industry undergoes radical transformations at a global level. With the emergence of new competitors, global business conditions have changed significantly. Nevertheless, European manufacturers have remained world leaders in the production of industrial textiles and fashion clothing. Many European manufacturers resort to subcontracting or relocating capacity for labour-intensive activities in countries with lower labour costs, such as Serbia, in order to maintain competitiveness. The greatest success of the domestic textile industry was recorded in the late 1980s when it was a significant source of employment, the creation of added value and more balanced regional development. Although it is still not at the level of the 1980s, positive developments in the domestic textile industry appeared in 2016 in the direction of growth in production, employment and exports. The state seeks to accelerate the development of the textile industry through the subsidisation of foreign and domestic investors. However, growth that is primarily based on foreign direct investment is a long-term unsustainable concept. In order for growth to be sustainable, it is necessary to encourage the development of activities that produce greater added value and increase competitiveness. That is the reason why it is necessary to support the development of domestic enterprises, as well as the arrival of those foreign investments that generate multiple levels of added value.

Analysis of compression property of height-alterable double-layer hollow tubular fabrics for industrial textiles

Tubular woven fabric can maintain a certain two-layer hollow height-alterable structure by heat setting, which quickly and effectively fills various materials, especially for the soft down feather. Therefore, by designing the pattern structure, a variable structure tubular fabric was designed and prepared by weaving equipment. We obtained a two-layer hollow height-alterable fabric by the heat-setting method and constructed a compression theory model. The compression process designed in this paper is the bending process of the fabric, so the bending deformation can be simplified into that of an elastically bent elastic rod. The results show that the theoretical curve and the actual compression curve are more consistent in the compression within strain 50%. The influence of key structural parameters on the compression performance of tubular fabric was also studied. On the basis of the model, the influence of material properties on the compression performance of tubular fabric was also discussed. The paper can provide theoretical guidance for the development of tubular fabrics with high hollow ratio and compression resistance in industrial textiles.