Increase of Productivity and Neutralization of Pathological Processes in Plants of Grain and Fruit Crops with the Help of Aqueous Solutions Activated by Plasma of High-Frequency Glow Discharge

In this work, we, for the first time, manufactured a plasma-chemical reactor operating at a frequency of 0.11 MHz. The reactor allows for the activation of large volumes of liquids in a short time. The physicochemical properties of activated liquids (concentration of hydrogen peroxide, nitrate anions, redox potential, electrical conductivity, pH, concentration of dissolved gases) are characterized in detail. Antifungal activity of aqueous solutions activated by a glow discharge has been investigated. It was shown that aqueous solutions activated by a glow discharge significantly reduce the degree of presence of phytopathogens and their effect on the germination of such seeds. Seeds of cereals (sorghum and barley) and fruit (strawberries) crops were studied. The greatest positive effect was found in the treatment of sorghum seeds. Moreover, laboratory tests have shown a significant increase in sorghum drought tolerance. The effectiveness of the use of glow-discharge-activated aqueous solutions was shown during a field experiment, which was set up in the saline semi-desert of the Northern Caspian region. Thus, the technology developed by us makes it possible to carry out the activation of aqueous solutions on an industrial scale. Water activated by a glow discharge exhibits antifungicidal activity and significantly accelerates the development of the grain and fruit crops we studied. In the case of sorghum culture, glow-discharge-activated water significantly increases drought resistance.

FEATURES OF PLASMA CHEMICAL ETCHING OF LITHIUM TANTALATE SUBSTRATE (LiTaO3)

The results of researches of plasma chemical treatment of lithium monocrystalline tantalate (LiTaO3) from gas type, bias voltage (energy of chemically active ions) and from current of additional bias generator are given. A closed-loop electron drift plasma chemical reactor and gas mixtures containing Ar, Ar + ClС4, and Ar + SF6 were used for the experiments. It was found that the etching rate of LiTaO3 for the discharge in the gas mixture Ar + CCl4 is 14 times higher than all other mixtures that were used. It is shown that the proposed idea and approaches of LiTaO3 processing can be effectively applied for the production of optical systems with a minimum core thickness of about 2…3 μm.

Plasma-chemical synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7–y / CuO granular composites

The possibility of synthesizing HTSC ceramics in the reaction chamber of a plasma-chemical reactor is shown. The method allows one to significantly reduce the process of solid-phase synthesis and obtain modified HTSC ceramics with a given content of non-superconducting additives that act as pinning centers.

“STRING” TYPE OF BARRIERLESS PLASMA CHEMICAL REACTOR FOR GENERATION OZONE FROM AIR

The efficiency of ozone generation for barrierless plasma chemical reactors with different cathode designs was compared. The characteristics of ozone generation for a plasma chemical reactor with a string-type cathode in comparison with the previously developed star-shaped cathode for different combinations of bias and pulsed components of voltage have been investigated. The special feature of the operation of a plasma-chemical reactor with a string cathode is revealed. There is consisting in the absence of dependence of the transition of the discharge combustion mode into the spark breakdown phase from the presence of a bias voltage.

Plasma Chemical Method of Decreasing the Ethylene Impurities in the Air

The efficiency of ethylene impurities decomposition in barrierless plasma-chemical system during artificial injection into the air of a sea container has been studied. The experimental study was performed at the air temperature 5oC in container volume 65 m3. The initial level of ozone in the air was 100 ppb. This concentration is below concentration which audible to humans. It has been established that the use of a carbon filter after a plasma chemical system allows to maintain the ozone content in the air at an acceptable level (in terms of human health and food storage). During 24 hours the ethylene concentration increases until an equilibrium concentration is reached. After the plasma chemical rector was switched on, the ethylene concentration in the container began to decrease due to decomposition in the low-temperature plasma and interaction with ozone until new equilibrium concentration was reached. The ozone concentration after plasma chemical reactor was switched to begin increased. After 1 hour, the new minimum equilibrium ethylene and ozone concentration was established. The decrease in concentration occurred exponentially and reached a new equilibrium concentration above zero, which is consistent with the theory. The increase in ozone concentration occurs by about 20-25%. It has been shown that using plasma chemical system based on barrierless plasma chemical reactors can reduce the ethylene concentration by up to 10 times, even for low concentrations of ethylene in the air.

APPLICATION OF DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE AND PLASMA-CHEMICAL REACTOR FOR WATER PURIFICATION FROM NH4OH

Water purification from ammonium hydroxide was carried out by using two methods of processing: treatment with ozone generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) as well as processing in plasma-chemical reactor equipped with a water electrode and a diaphragm, where the main oxidation factors were OH hydroxyl radicals. The volume of the treated aqueous solution was 300 ml and the NH4OH concentration was 0.025 ml in both cases. The phenolphthalein test was used for visual analysis of the content of an aqueous solution of ammonia in water. The ozone concentration was about 5.8 mg/l in water with ozone injection from an ozone generator and 0.7 mg/l in a plasma-chemical reactor, respectively. The analysis of OH and NO radicals in the water-air gap of the plasmachemical reactor was carried out using a spectrometer operated in the range of 200...800 nm.