A Comparative Review of Material Properties for Current and Future Dental Filling Nanomaterials

ABSTRACT Nanomaterials observe specialized properties relative to gross materials. Due to their small size, specialized nanomaterial properties include decreased reactivity, an increased surface area to volume ratio, heightened structural properties, and in some cases, antimicrobial and antibacterial effects. Current researchers are looking to use nanoparticle/nanomaterial properties to solve prevalent dental issues that cannot be addressed with traditionally used materials. This paper will serve as an extensive review of current nanomaterial applications as they pertain to dental fillings and dental filling processes. Comparative assessments of traditional materials used in dental fillings will be made as well as comparative assessments of currently used nanomaterials in dental fillings. Material comparisons are based on criteria pertaining to biocompatibility, toxicity, reactivity, cost, and antimicrobial/antibacterial properties. When comparing the three most currently used dental filling nanomaterials – Carbon-Based Nanotubes, Silica Nanoparticles and Silver-Coated Nanoparticles – it was observed that Silica Nanoparticles demonstrated the greatest material advantage and should be recommended for continued use. Issues regarding future developmental dental filling applications of graphene nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles will also be discussed. Keywords: Nanomaterials, antibacterial, dental fillings, silica resins, biocompatibility.

Causes of behavioral deviation in adolescents

Failures in certain areas of life leave adolescents with a feeling of worthlessness, low self-esteem, confusion of identity, thus causing them quite strong internal conflicts that can lead to emotional imbalances and ultimately to deviant behavior. In contemporary society, the tendency of adolescents to join reference groups has a large impact on their behavior, because on the one hand, it can allow them to assert themselves, awareness of the desire to delimit themselves from family and school authority, but on the other hand, not all groups can have beneficial effects on them. The existence of numerous groups dealing with illicit acts, groups with recidivists or with a criminal record is a source of attraction for adolescents with social deficiencies, leading them to train in deviant acts and then delinquents who are highly dangerous for society (rapes, thefts, robberies). Group delinquency is characteristic of juvenile delinquency, the main acts being hooliganism, rape, violence, vehicle theft. Most juvenile delinquency behaviors can fall into four broad categories: theft, violence to gain a material advantage, violation of status laws (school dropout, absenteeism), and group or gang behavior received by others as a threat due to physical activity involved.

NEED OF THE HOUR FOR INDIA - EVIDENCE-BASED ALL-INCLUSIVE PREVENTIVE NUTRA - NUTRI HOLISTIC APPROACH PRODUCTS BY BOTH PHARMA GIANTS AND CLUSTER STARTUPS

Dear Reader, This Guest Editorial could not have been better timed than now even though it should have given the call nearly ten years back! However, this editorial has become longer than what I envisaged, and seek your patience to read through it in your leisure time. The positioning of the Indian subcontinent as a leader in the world for Health and Wellness is an important agenda. The paradigm shift of Health to Health and Wellness is the need of the hour. India in its tradition and Wisdom has always related to Food and Wellness as one entity, especially in Ayurveda and the basic concepts governing it. That’s not all. If India does not wake up and push the agenda of Wellness strong enough internally and be a Global Champion with its heritage of 5000 years of traditional wisdom in this area, then we are sure to lose out on many Economic fronts too in this sector, especially in the discovery battle of New Drugs. It can emerge as a leader and the Pharmaceutical Industry must aggressively ensure that the huge raw material advantage India has in its resilience of Agriculture and the favorable climate it provides, from North to South and East to West 12 months in a year, is capitalized. We are sitting on a Platinum mine but almost not using it at all?! The need for infrastructure and capacity building for the Wellness Industry to grow is unlimited in India and also in the global market and its huge reach out. It needs a new movement altogether to have a budget allocation from the Pharma Giants to invest in India and the Government’s mindset to partner and promote the same, not just by parks but an investment to make it win-win financial enterprises which will thrive with Trillions of Indian Rupees businesses with India as a hub. There are many who have done it boldly and hats off to them. But much much more is needed in the logarithmic phase and scale.

Corporate Criminal Liability for the Criminal Offences in Lithuania

Cases, where operations of legal entities entail unfair income through the malpractice of improving financial reports, are quite frequent. Such behaviour is unacceptable and deserves a stern response from the state, not only against persons involved in illegal activities but also against particular legal entities resorting to such behaviour. The purpose of this article is to analyse the elements of corporate criminal liability in the legislation of Lithuania. The article investigates the fundamentals of corporate criminal liability with the major focus on the problems of distinction and applicability of relevant elements of the latter. The analysis emphasizes the assurance of the inevitability of corporate criminal liability. The article also discusses the method of criminalizing the liability of legal entities, chosen by the Lithuanian legislator, according to which criminal liability can arise only for a limited scope of criminal offences. Presumably, the current legal regulation enables an unreasonable avoidance of criminal liability in cases where the criminal offence falls outside the aforementioned limited scope, even though it was committed to gain a material advantage over the affected party. The article also addresses the guilt of legal entities. In this regard, the article criticizes the approach of the Supreme Court of Lithuania for its evident limitation of corporate criminal liability, especially in the context of large corporations owned by many shareholders. As a possible solution, it was proposed to lay criminal responsibility on corporate governance bodies instead of the shareholders.

Value, Bodily Capital, and Gender Inequality after Death

This article examines dead celebrities’ posthumous careers and considers how gendered inequalities around possession, value, and bodily capital are produced and consumed even after death. The concept of capital plays a significant role in studies of culture, usually in relation to individual possession and personal, social, and material advantage. ‘Bodily capital’ sheds particular light upon the different ways bodies can possess value and how the generation of value is unequally distributed for men and women. Through an analysis of the Forbes Magazine Top Dead Earning Celebrities List (2001–2018), the inequality of value between men and women generated from bodily capital is examined. This article extends the intellectual agenda of sociological research on gendered inequality in bodily capital through dead celebrity posthumous careers. It reveals how, why, and when value is generated unequally with celebrity women’s bodily capital becoming a symbolic resource for others to generate profit. Furthermore, it speculates upon the prospect of a revolution in the ownership and value of gendered bodily capital among dead celebrities and predicts a future shift for women’s bodily capital and value after death.

The right to freedom of religion and the right against religious discrimination: Theoretical distinctions

This article argues that while they are often conflated, the right to freedom of religion and the right against religious discrimination are in fact distinct human rights. Religious freedom is best understood as protecting our interest in religious adherence (and non-adherence), understood from the committed perspective of the (non)adherent. This internal, committed perspective generates a capacious and realistic conception of religious adherence, which reflects the staggering plurality of forms of religiosity (or lack thereof) as extant in contemporary societies. The right against religious discrimination is best understood as protecting our non-committal interest in the unsaddled membership of our religious group. Thus understood, the two rights have distinct normative rationales. Religious freedom is justified by the need to respect our decisional autonomy in matters of religious adherence. The prohibition on religious discrimination is justified by the need to reduce any significant (political, sociocultural, or material) advantage gaps between different religious groups. These differences reveal a complex map of two overlapping, but conceptually distinct, human rights which are not necessarily breached simultaneously.

Graphene as Solar PV Material

This paper studies that graphene is one of the best option for sustainable future energy requirements of world. Utilizing the blend of natural and inorganic cells makes graphene cell having uncommon highlights which encourages us to get super properties. The transparent and conductive films based on grapheme were shown to be financially savvy with high thermal and electrical conductivity. Graphene is comprised of a solitary layer of carbon atoms that are fortified together in a rehashing example of hexagonsIt is a 2 dimensional material with astounding qualities like amazingly solid and primarily transparent and furthermore incredibly conductive and adaptable. Graphene is made of carbon, which is bounteous, and can be a generally economical material.. Graphene has an apparently unending potential for improving existing items just as rousing new ones. In this article, need of graphene material, advantage over PV material, structure, properties and utilizations of graphene are reviewed.