Misa Online: Solusi Sementara dan Bermasalah

<p><em>The ecclesiastical leaders have made policies that encourage the faithful to worship at home as a part of the effort to stop the spread of the coronavirus. Online Mass became a principal solution to fulfill Sunday's obligations. This article aims to evaluate the online Mass practice from the believers' perspective. To study people's attitudes towards online Masses, interviews were conducted and results showed that people in general were dissatisfied with this practice. Underlying the dissatisfaction were assumptions, which need to be clarified, for example, that Mass as being identical to Holy Communion is considered the only way to fulfill the Sunday's obligations. In fact, there are a number of religious practices and doctrinal teachings that could serve as better alternatives to the Eucharistic celebration on Sundays. This paper concludes that online Mass is not the right solution to the problem of worship during the pandemic.</em></p><p><em></em><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><em>: </em>Covid-19, kewajiban hari Minggu, misa daring, Komuni Kudus, communio</p>

SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF CONTAMINATING SMOKED FOOD WITH CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS OF SMOKE

Meat and fish smoked products, widely produced nowadays, occupy a permanent place in the mass diet. The consumption of smoked meat is estimated by FAO at 15.6 million tons in 2019 (+40 % growth over the past ten years). This is due to the increased incomes of consumers in many countries, which made meat and fish smoked products, once classified as "premium" delicacies, more accessible to the majority. There has been a shortage of high-quality raw materials, which, combined with a highly competitive food market, forces manufacturers to reduce their costs by using non-traditional raw materials. The latter leads to increased use of processing raw materials with smoke to effectively mask individual defects in taste, appearance and consistency of products. As a result, there is a carcinogenic contamination problem because of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) presented in the smoke and smoking liquids, and the growth of cancer. PAHs are formed as a result of pyrolysis of wood during smoke generation at temperatures above 450-480 °C. Currently used smoke generators and schemes for cleaning smoke from PAHs are not effective enough, so they do not eliminate the main cause of PAH formation, uncontrolled pyrolysis. The principal solution to the problem is to develop methods and equipment for producing smoke at temperatures below carcinogenic peaks. A successful solution is the method for producing smoke with an infrared power supply, implemented in the design of IR smoke generator (IRSG). The device allows to reliably maintain the pyrolysis temperature of wood below 450 °C. The effectiveness of the method and apparatus is confirmed by studies of products smoked with IR-SG, in which the content of Benzo(a)pyrene is less than 0.0002 mcg/kg, which is lower than the maximum permissible concentrations of this compound in food.

FUNGSI GREEN UNTUK PERSAMAAN DIFUSI-ADVEKSI DENGAN SYARAT BATAS DIRICHLET

Diffusion-advection is the process of transportation of matter from one part of a system to another as a result of random molecular motions involving fluid transport processes in the form of mean flow or currents which are driven by gravity or pressure forces and in the form of horizontal motions. Mathematically, diffusion-advection equation can be written as ut +Vux = Duxx, where u is concentration of material in the fluid, V stands for the advection velocity, and D for diffusion coefficient. In this research, a solution u(x,t) is sought by using the Green’s function concept. The general solution for Green’s function that can be solved in two parts, namely, the principal solution and the regular solution. The principal solution is obtained by applying the Fourier transform to the variable ξ which is denoted by Ȗ and then calculate the inverse of its transform. A regular solution is obtained based on an inspection approach that is designed on a negative heat source.