METHODS OF THE MODIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OILS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN BASE OILS

The research results were presented concerning the development of vegetable oil modification in order to obtain a base oil with desired physicochemical properties allowing the use of such oils as the base oil in pro-ecological lubricating agents. The possibilities to modify vegetable oil to obtain base oils with a higher viscosity class were presented. The process consisted of the oxidation of oils with oxygen in the presence of NHPI as a catalyst and with the use of supercritical carbon dioxide. The influence of temperature, catalyst amount, oxygen pressure, and amount of carbon dioxide in the rape-seed oil modification process were studied. As a result of vegetable oil modification, base oils with viscosity values higher than oil without modification were obtained. The significant influence of the conditions of the process carried out in a pure oxygen atmosphere and in supercritical carbon dioxide conditions was found. It was observed that it is possible to control lubricating properties of oil intended as base oil for a lubricating agent, if the process is carried out in an oxygen atmosphere and in the presence of carbon dioxide. A product with purposely changed properties in comparison with the properties of initial oil is the effect of modification.

DESIGN OF CONDITIONS FOR THE MODIFICATION OF OIL IN THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING ECOLOGICAL LUBRICANTS

The paper presents results of research concerning the oil bases designs that are dedicated to application in lubricants for the food industry. The method of vegetable oil modification was proposed that use supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. This resulted in a milder course of oil oxidation. In order to minimize the number of necessary experiments, the Taguchi approach to experiments planning was used. As part of the research, the properties of vegetable oils, inedible (Crambe Abyssinica oil) one and edible (Brassica Campestris (Rapeseed) oil) after modification, were compared. The optimal, due to the adopted criteria, values of oil modification process parameters were determined for each of the oils. Analyses and comparisons of processes for obtaining an oil base suitable for the planned use in ecological lubricants have been made. Under optimized conditions, the modified oils obtained a needed appropriate viscosity class.

INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURING METHODS ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPESEED OIL LUBRICANTS

Tribological properties of rapeseed oils manufactured and processed by different methods and modified by the anti-wear additives were analysed. Tribological tests presented that unrefined rapeseed oil has better wear resistance compared to refined oil. Modification of rapeseed oil with 2% of special biological anti-wear additives has the greatest influence on refined rapeseed oil. Chemical analysis shows that refinement removes acids from oil. Refinement and lower acidity allows more efficient operation of special biological anti-wear additives.