Picturing an industrial city: green and modern? Postcards from Chemnitz and Lodz (1880s–1980s)

A pictorial postcard condenses a cityscape into one iconic image, which claims to summarize the place, usually in a highly aestheticized version. If that is the case, how does one present an industrial city: with factories and worker housing or rather with churches and the palaces of industrial tycoons? Using four digitalized collections (over 700 postcards) this article analyses images of industrialized cities from the late nineteenth century until the end of the Cold War. The main argument is that this idealized depiction does not focus on industry, but rather taps into the imagination of the European city.

Air-Quality Assessment of On-Site Brick-Kiln Worker Housing in Bhaktapur, Nepal: Chemical Speciation of Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 Pollution

Brick workers and their families in Nepal generally live in poorly ventilated on-site housing at the brick kiln, and may be at higher risk for non-occupational exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and subsequent respiratory diseases due to indoor and outdoor sources. This study characterized non-occupational exposure to PM2.5 by comparing overall concentrations and specific chemical components of PM2.5 inside and outside of brick workers’ on-site housing. For all samples, the geometric mean PM2.5 concentration was 184.65 μg/m3 (95% confidence interval: 134.70, 253.12 μg/m3). PM2.5 concentrations differed by kiln number (p = 0.009). Kiln number was significantly associated with 16 of 29 (55%) air pollutant, temperature, or relative humidity variables. There was not a significant interaction between kiln number and location of sample for PM2.5 (p = 0.16), but there was for relative humidity (p = 0.02) and temperature (p = 0.01). Results were qualitatively similar when we repeated analyses using indoor samples only. There was no difference in the chemical makeup of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 in this study, suggesting that outdoor PM2.5 air pollution easily infiltrates into on-site brick worker housing. Outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations found in this study far exceed recommended levels. These findings warrant future interventions targeted to this vulnerable population.

Difference between Location of Soil with Risk of Contamination of Soil-transmitted Helmints Eggs and Larvae (Observational Study of Coffee Plantation Area in Silo District, Jember Regency)

Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH) is a group of worms whose life cycle through the soil. The species of STH are roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale), and Strongyloides stercoralis. STH causes helminthiasis that infects more than 1.5 billion people or 24% of the world's population. Jember has many plantation areas. One of the plantations in Jember is Garahan Kidul plantation located in Sidomulyo village, Silo Sub-district, Jember. Soil on plantations tends to be moist and loose. This condition is ideal for the development of STH eggs and larvae. The general purpose of this study was to differentiate the numbers of soil contamination by STH eggs and larvae in soil samples in the garden area, riverside, and worker housing taken in the coffee plantation area in Silo District, Jember. This type of research is observational analytic with cross sectional research design. Soil samples are taken in the garden area, riverside, and worker housing that has a loose or not hard and moist soil texture. The results of the observation found that there were 4 eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, 6 eggs and larvae of hookworm, and 2 eggs and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. There is the same amount of soil contamination at the location of the garden and riverside, which are 2 positive samples or 5.71% with a density of 0.02 eggs and larvae / gram of soil, while the number of soil contamination at the workers housing location is 8 positive samples or 25.71 % with a density of 0.11 eggs and larvae / gram of soil. Data were analyzed using Fisher's test. The results of data analysis showed a value of p = 0.0693 (p> 0.05) so that there were no differences in the number of soil contamination by STH eggs and larvae in the garden and river bank locations and p = 0.042 (p <0.05) so that there were differences the number of soil contamination by STH eggs and larvae at the location of worker housing with the location of garden and riverside. Keywords: STH, garden, riverside, wooker housing

PENGARUH CAMPURAN AIR LIMBAH (AIR SELOKAN) TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON f’c 14.5 Mpa (K-175)

Improving technological advances, the use of concrete as a building is very popular in Indonesia. Because it can utilize locally available materias such as crushed stone, pebble, sand, cement and water at a relatively cheap price. In everyday use is often found in construction worker housing projects that use waste water (Water Sewer) for the construction of concrete. This certainly requires a closer examination toward the quality of concrete produced. The method of data analysis begins with a cement investigation, coarse and fine aggregate. Concrete mixing uses clean water (PDAM) as reference and waste water (Water Sewage) from Unisla rusunawa building. From result of analysis which have been done, concrete compressive strength test result at age 7, 14 and 28 days with mixing of clean water equal to 13,68 Mpa, 18,51 Mpa, 21,04 Mpa, while concrete test result at Age 7, 14 And 28 days with Water Sewage mixing of 9.99 MPa, 13.35 MPa and 15.36 MPa.Keywords : Waste Water, Concrete, Compressive Strength

Over, Under, In-Between: Worker Housing Within an Industrial Ecology

The research and design work presented in this paper was organized and conducted through an advanced design studio at the Department of Architecture at the American University of Sharjah in the UAE. The premise of the studio was to create new housing units specifically designed for low income workers who are not eligible for corporate worker housing in the UAE and not permitted to live in family designated residential districts. These low income workers often struggle to find affordable housing within the industrial zones of the rapidly growing urban metropolis surrounding Dubai. A key design research question asked how housing could be built on spatially confined sites within an industrial zone and provide not only secure and healthful shelter for the residents, but programs and amenities that build a sense of community as well.

From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township

From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chih-Yu Chen¹ ¹ Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan ROC E-mail: [email protected] Keywords (3-5): Industrial City, City-like Settlement, Morphological Process, Town-Plan Analysis, Sugar Refinery Conference topics and scale: City transformations City-like Settlement (German: Teilweise Stadtähnliche Siedlungen) (Schwarz, 1989; Sorre, 1952) plays an important role in the course of civilization, especially the development of industrial cities. Accordingly, this study utilizes Town-Plan Analysis (Conzen, 1960) to deconstruct the relationships between industrialization and settlement formation in order to illustrate the common origin of cities in Taiwan as a result of the emerging economy at the turn of the 20th century. The industrial city of Huwei, known as the “sugar city” with largest yields of cane sugar in Taiwan, had the largest-scale sugar refinery in pre-war East Asia (Williams, 1980). The city has grown and transformed with the factory during the four phases of morphological periods, which began at the establishment of the sugar refinery and worker housing in the middle of the fertile flooding plain in western Taiwan. The spatial arrangement was directed to operational and management efficiency, characterized by the simple grids and hierarchy of layout along the riverside. As the industry enlarged, the new urban core was planned to support the original settlement with shophouses accumulated in the small grids. Followed by postwar modernism (Schinz, 1989), the urban planning again extended the city boundary with larger and polygonal blocks. In the fourth phase, however, the sugar refinery downsized, leading to the conversion of the worker housing and the merging of the factory and the city that slowly brought to its present shape. The morphological process results in the concentric structure from the sugar refinery, providing valuable references for the preservation of the sugar industry townscape, and unveils the influence of industrialization as well as the special urban development pattern in Taiwan. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis, 2nd edition (1969), (Institute of British Geographers, London). Schinz, A. (1989) Cities in China (Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin and Stuugart). Schwarz, G. (1959) Allgemeine Siedlungsgeographie (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin). Sorre, M. (1952) Les Fondements de la géographie humaine (Reliure inconnue, Paris). Williams, J. F. (1980) Sugar: the sweetener in Taiwan’s development. In Ronald, G. K. (ed.), China’s island frontier. Studies in the historical geography of Taiwan, pp. 219-251. (University of Hawaii Press and the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu)

The Architect as Houser

This chapter focuses on Clarence Samuel Stein's contributions as a houser lending consistent support for a government role in order to more effectively engage the private sector while charting his transition to promoting investment housing as a preferable alternative to public housing. Stein and his colleagues enthusiastically welcomed the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt as an unprecedented opportunity to advance regionalism, new town planning, and worker housing. As a community architect, Stein favored a particular type of assisted housing—“investment housing”—a comprehensive design, development, and management approach to ensure the project's ongoing sustainability at affordable rates. This chapter first considers Stein's Hillside Homes project in New York before discussing the Resettlement Administration's Greenbelt Town program. It also examines Stein's role as consulting architect for the Baldwin Hills Village in Los Angeles.

New Zambia constitution to boost long-term stability

Subject Political outlook in Zambia. Significance On March 10, the deputy leader of the opposition United Party for National Development (UPND), Geoffrey Mwamba, appeared in court on charges of training an illegal militia, which he denies. Tensions are rising ahead of presidential and legislative elections scheduled for August 11 -- the first polls to be run under amended rules established by the Constitution of Zambia Amendment Bill, signed into law on January 6. Impacts Some media outlets may self-censor by avoiding reports critical of the PF in an attempt to avoid clampdowns by the government. The 275-million-dollar Chinese loan for a public-sector worker housing fund, agreed in December, may bolster PF support from civil servants. Turkish firm Karadeniz's floating power stations, docked at Mozambique's Nacala port, will help to help offset Zambia's power crisis.