National identity and beliefs about historical linguicide are associated with support for exclusive language policies among the Ukrainian linguistic majority

We examined the idea that endorsement of state-level restrictive language policies can be understood as an ingroup-preserving behaviour driven by majority group members’ experiences of linguistic-based collective angst (i.e., concern about the future vitality of the ingroup’s language). We did so in the context of legislative reform aimed to enforce monolinguistic public education in Ukraine – a linguistically heterogeneous nation-state with a history of a foreign ethno-political domination. Specifically, we hypothesized that collective angst is most likely to be experienced when majority group members feel higher attachment to Ukraine (vs. glorification) and shared beliefs about historical linguicide of the Ukrainian language. Using data from a public opinion survey ( N = 774), we found support for the mediation model – higher attachment and beliefs about historical linguicide predicted increased support for restrictive policies directly and through collective angst, whereas glorification was found to be a non-significant predictor in this relation. Our results highlight the role of the specific content of protagonists’ social identities in predicting their support for cultural assimilation of ethnic minority groups within heterogeneous societies.

OSZE-Jahrbuch 2019

As the world’s largest regional organisation under Chapter VIII of the UN Charter, the OSCE also contributes to global security through regional conflict prevention and crisis management. In his introductory chapter, OSCE Secretary General Thomas Greminger addresses the question of how the OSCE can also contribute to the achievement of the 17 goals of the United Nations for sustainable development. The OSCE Yearbook 2019 also includes articles on domestic political developments in countries such as Armenia and Kazakhstan, and the work of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. There are also contributions on the monitoring of freedom of assembly by the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and the link between climate change and security, as well as the integration of heterogeneous societies as a means of conflict prevention, and China’s and the EU’s relations with Central Asia. A current selection of literature completes the volume.

Heterogeneity, trust and common-pool resource management

Increasing migration, leading to more heterogeneous societies, may challenge the successful management of common-pool resources (CPRs) directly due to the lack of shared interests, and indirectly by reducing trust amongst local commons users, speeding up depletion of vital natural and man-made resources. Since little research has been done on this topic, we analyse the relation between economic and sociocultural heterogeneity, trust and successful commons management for fisheries and irrigation systems. Using multiple imputations with chained equations, random forests and predictive mean matching, we adopt an innovative and technically advanced approach to employ Elinor Ostrom’s famous CPR Database. Our approach enables us to include economic and sociocultural heterogeneity, trust and control variables in one model and to investigate both direct and indirect effects of heterogeneity on CPR success, which has not been attempted before. Results show no evidence of the negative relation between heterogeneity and CPR success. However, economic heterogeneity is negatively related to trust, and trust is found to be positively related to CPR success. Evidence is found for an indirect effect of economic heterogeneity through trust on CPR success.

Makna Tradisi Peusijeuk dan Peranannya dalam Pola Komunikasi Lintas Budaya Masyarakat di Kota Langsa

The purpose of this research is to understand the meaning of the peusijeuk tradition in heterogeneous societies and its current position, especially in Langsa City. This study will be carried out as a qualitative study with a descriptive type of study. The use of qualitative descriptive methods is considered appropriate in this study, because it reveals the ongoing situation. Through field research, it was found that the peusijuek tradition is one of the Acehnese cultures which is still maintained by the people in Aceh, in that tradition contains Islamic religious values. This can be seen from the point of view that Islam has a universal concept that is able to unite and merge into various civilizations and cultures. For people in Aceh, the peusijuek tradition has a very philosophical meaning and purpose, namely to ask for and obtain safety, peace, and happiness in life. The conclusions in this study are: For people in Aceh, especially Langsa City, the peusijuek tradition has a very philosophical meaning and purpose, namely to ask for and obtain safety, peace, and happiness in life.

Consociationalism in the post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper outlines the theoretical underpinnings of the consociational power-sharing approach and its presence in the political system of the post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. The power-sharing framework used in this study provides insights into the theory of consociationalism as a power-sharing approach and tries to contribute to our understanding of the presence and relevance of this model to the Bosnian political system. The consociational framework emphasises the role of the political elites in providing the political stability and economic prosperity in the heterogeneous societies. It has four main features: grand coalition, proportional representation, segmental autonomy and mutual veto. The functioning and performance of this model depends, to a large extent, on factors that are conducive to elite cooperation. These factors are: population size, balance of power among segments, multiparty system, segmental isolation, nature of social cleavages, overarching loyalties and tradition of elite accommodation. This paper shows that all features of consociationalism exist in the post-Dayton Bosnian political system. However, grand coalitions are always made after the elections and mainly for the distribution of positions in the executive bodies of state apparatus and without any strategic platform and goals to be achieved and accounted for, agreed in advance. Proportionality has been mainly replaced with the parity-giving rise to imbalanced representation in state institutions. Segmental autonomy has been misconceived and veto power has been used to block all legislation beneficial to the state.

Diversity and prosocial behavior

Immigration and globalization have spurred interest in the effects of ethnic diversity in Western societies. Most scholars focus on whether diversity undermines trust, social capital, and collective goods provision. However, the type of prosociality that helps heterogeneous societies function is different from the in-group solidarity that glues homogeneous communities together. Social cohesion in multiethnic societies depends on whether prosocial behavior extends beyond close-knit networks and in-group boundaries. We identify two features of modern societies—social differentiation and economic interdependence—that can set the stage for constructive interactions with dissimilar others. Whether societal adaptations to diversity lead toward integration or division depends on the positions occupied by minorities and immigrants in the social structure and economic system, along with the institutional arrangements that determine their political inclusion.

DAKWAH KULTURAL: RELASI ISLAM DAN BUDAYA LOKAL

The da'wah propagation of Islam in the archipelago has shown such strong accommodation to the local traditions of the local community. This shows that the character of Indonesian Islam is able to dialogue with tradition and culture. This paper tries to examine the concept of cultural da'wah and the relationship between Islam and local culture. Cultural Da'wah is a da'wah that considers all forms of culture that are developing in society. Cultural propaganda is one of the da'wah approaches in dealing with heterogeneous societies of culture. Islam has an important role in facing cultural transformation. The process of Islamic dialogue with community traditions can be realized with cultural systems and mechanisms in dealing with local negotiations. From the display illustrates that in reality, Islam is in contact with local teachings (traditions) so as to form a new formulation of Islam and Islamic local culture.

OSCE Yearbook 2019

As the world’s largest regional arrangement under Chapter VIII of the UN Charter, the OSCE also contributes to global security through regional conflict prevention and crisis management. In his introductory chapter, OSCE Secretary General Thomas Greminger addresses the question of how the OSCE can also contribute to the achievement of the 17 goals of the United Nations for sustainable development. The OSCE Yearbook 2019 also includes articles on domestic political developments in countries such as Armenia and Kazakhstan, OSCE conflict management in the South Caucasus and the work of the OSCE Special MonitoringMission to Ukraine. There are also contributions on the monitoring of freedom of assembly by the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and the link between climate change and security, as well as the integration of heterogeneous societies as a means of conflict prevention. Facts and figures on the 57 participating states as well as a current selection of research literature complete the volume.

Ethnic diversity and informal work in Ghana

We present the first study that examines the effects of ethnic diversity on informal work. Using two waves of data from the Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey, we find that ethnic diversity is associated with a higher probability of engaging in informal work. Specifically, our instrumental variable estimates suggest that a unit increase in ethnic diversity is associated with up to a 26.3 percentage point increase in the probability of engaging in informal work. This result is robust to alternative estimation approaches and alternative ways of measuring ethnic diversity. Our results also show that trust, which is lower in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods, is an important channel through which ethnic diversity operates to increase the probability of engaging in informal work. Our results point to the need for policies that promote trust between diverse ethnic groups in heterogeneous societies.