Pengaruh Perbedaan Ukuran Jaring Insang Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Tongkol Euthynnus sp. di Perairan Tenggara Kabupaten Karangasem

Tuna is one of the main catching commodities in the waters of Southeast Karangasem. Fishers in the Southeast waters of Karangasem used drift gillnet operations to find pelagic fish such as mackerel. This study aims to determine the composition of fish catches using different net sizes and determine the effect of different gill nets on the catch of tuna fish in the southeast waters of the Karangasem Regency. The study was conducted for one month from mid-October to mid-November 2017 by following fishers' fishing trips. The fishing gear used was gill nets with differences, namely 2' 2.5 and 3 inches. The data was taken directly by operating the gill net, which has three different mesh sizes then the data was analyzed by ANOVA. Based on the research found four types of fish, namely Tuna (Euthynnus sp.), ikan kembung (Restrelliger kanagurta), barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), and Manta sp. with details on 2.5 sized nets, three species (cobs, mackerel, barracuda), while sediment nets with a size of 2 (tuna and mackerel), and 3 (tuna and manta rays). Each gets two types of fish. Based on the ANOVA test, the calculated F results in this study are (7.7608) and F table (3.4668). The difference in the size of the gill nets significantly affects the catch of tongkol fish. The F test value shows that the F count was greater than the F table.

Application of Partial Hydrolysis of Virgin Coconut oil (VCO) on Carrageenan-based Edible Coatinng as (Sphyraena barracuda) Fishball Preservative during Room Storage

Food spoilage during storage occurs physically, chemically and biologically which is related to the activity of bacteria. One of the natural preservation that is currently developing is the application of edible coating on perishable food, such as fishball. Addition of antibacterial agent is important to improve edible coating. Virgin coconut oil contains medium chain fatty acids which have antimicrobial properties, particularly monoglycerides and free fatty acids that produced by hydrolyzing partially triglycerides at the Sn-1 and Sn-3 position using Lipozyme. The aim of this research was to test the effect of edible coating carrageenan enriched with virgin coconut oil hydrolysis (HVCO) (concentrations 1%,3%,5%) on fishball quality.The method was an experimental with factorial completely randomized design.The samples were analyzed for sensorial assessments, Total plate Count, Total Volatile Base-Nitrogen, Water content, and pH for 5 days at room temperature. The study demonstrated that fish meatball coated with carrageenan based-edible coating fortified with HVCO showed the best result compared to controls (Uncoated fishball, coated without HVCO). Sensory attributes were still accepted by panelists until 3 days. Meanwhile, the same pattern depicted by TPC and TVB-N parameters. HVCO5% had inhibited microbial growth and retarded the increase of TVB-N number on fishball, the results were Log 5,08cfu/gr, 29,69 mg/100 gr respectively.

RECURSOS PESQUEIROS UTILIZADOS PELA COMUNIDADE LOCAL DO ARQUIPÉLAGO DE FERNANDO DE NORONHA (PE, BRASIL): PREFERÊNCIAS, TABUS ALIMENTARES E USO MEDICINAL

The archipelago of Fernando de Noronha is divided into a National Marine Park, intended for the protection of natural resources and an Environmental Protection Area, where human occupation is permitted. Tourist use has caused changes in the island lifestyle, mainly in relation to economic activities and contact with nature. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the local knowledge and eating habits of the people of Noronha, their preferences and aversions regarding the consumption of fish in the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha/PE. Data collection was carried out through individual interviews using a script and these were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. It was found, in the research carried out with 81 interviewees, that the preferred fish for consumption are black syrup (Caranx lugubris), piraúna (Cepholopholis fulva), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), anchovy (Pomatomus saltatrix), red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) and mackerel (Acantocybium solandri). The relationship between popular knowledge and consumed food resources indicates an important contribution to regional and local conservation initiatives, which are essential to reduce environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity and socioeconomic consequences for local communities. Aversion to reymosed fish was confirmed, such as cangulo (Melichthys niger) and barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), corroborating with the knowledge found in the literature. Thus, the use of fish in the diet of the residents of Fernando de Noronha showed patterns already indicated in research with other fishing communities where preference, taboos and medicinal use are the main purposes and indicate the knowledge they have about the environment and the available resources

Length-based indicators for the management of sport fishery in Yucatan, Mexico

Sportfishing is an activity of increasing popularity that involves a large number of users and high levels of fishing effort. In Yucatan, most of the target species in sport fishing are the same as those of commercial fisheries. However, there is no record of fishing effort or catch volumes. Thus the impact of sport fishing on these populations is unknown. This study analyzes the catches made by users of sport fisheries of nine species (Epinephelus morio, Haemulon plumieri, Seriola dumerili, Lutjanus synagris, Ocyurus chrysurus, Calamus bajonado, Sphyraena barracuda, S. guachancho and Mycteroperca bonaci) through length-based indicators. Samples of species’ sizes were obtained from the catches made during 10 fishing tournaments held in Yucatan's three-port towns (Sisal, Yucalpeten, and Telchac) between 2015 and 2016. The catch variables that were evaluated included: the number of mature individuals Pmat, optimal length Popt, and the number of mega-spawners Pmega. Length measures were derived from 1,252 individuals. Only H. plumieri, L. synagris, and S. guachancho exhibited sustainable indicator values, while E. morio and C. bajonado demonstrated extremely low values. In most species, sport fishing affects a high proportion of juveniles. The results suggest that sportfishing contributes to the fishing pressure of a species and commercial fishing, due to the capture of juveniles of economically important fish. It is essential to establish a systematic monitoring method of such activities and increase the priority level of the evaluation and management of this fishery.

Jajanan sehat bagi anak-anak berorientasi pangan fungsional berbahan dasar ikan laut

The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of caught marine fish at the study site, and to apply the marine fish caught at the study site in the form of healthy snacks, specifically children's snacks. The results of this study indicate that 15 species of fish caught in the Madura strait were 15 types, namely Talang-Talang (Queenfish), Tongkol Lurik (Euthynnus affinis), Tenggiri (Scomberomorus ommerson), Mackerel Board (Scomberomorus, Alu-Alu (Sphyraena barracuda), Banyar (Rastreligger kanagurta), White Kakap (L. calcarifer), Red Kakap (Lutjanus spp.), Belanak (Valamugil seheli), Yellow Tail (Caesio cuning), Selar Como (Alepes djeddaba), Babu Nyai (Plectorhinchus spp.), Black Bawal (P. niger), White Bawal (P. argenteus), and Ketang-Ketang (Epane punctata). The fat content of the marine catch is between 0,43 - 14,36% and total fatty acids of 0,02-2,26 g / 100 g of fish meat. The results of the second phase of the study, engineering of healthy fish-based snacks carried out in 2 forms, namely modern snacks (13 types) and traditional snacks (11 types). The organoleptic results of the favorite test inform that modern snacks: Bitter ballen and churry burger: very preferred, snacks breaded fish, pastel, scallop, nugget, siomay, fish cakes, burgers, stick fish, and shi kebab: ranged from like to very preferred, fish meatball snacks: ranged from ordinary to like, and ekado: not preferred. While the traditional empek-empek, kroket, lumpia (wet and fried), lemper: ranged from like to very preferred, condro snacks, pastel, arem-arem, onde-onde, otak-otak, and bakwan: ranged from disliked to ordinary.

La comunidad de peces del arrecife Palo Seco, Veracruz, golfo de México y su relación con los grupos morfofuncionales

Los bancos arrecifales sumergidos funcionan como áreas de reserva de germoplasma, debido a su riqueza y abundancia de especies, lo que favorece el desarrollo de biomasa en arrecifes emergentes vecinos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue establecer la comunidad de peces del arrecife Palo SecoVeracrz, México, y su relación con los grupos morfofuncionales que caracterizan al sustrato. Se efectuaron 117 censos visuales con equipo de buceo SCUBA (63 censos aleatorios y 54 transectos en banda) durante los veranos de 2013 y 2016, para determinar la estructura de la comunidad de peces (composición, riqueza, abundancia, biomasa y gremios tróficos) y caracterizar el sustrato, usando los grupos morfofuncionales (GMF) a partir de fototransectos. Las relaciones entre los peces y el sustrato se determinaron mediante un análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC). La ictiofauna de Palo Seco estuvo compuesta por 109 especies, incluyendo 2 invasoras (Pterois volitans y Neopomacentrus cyanomos), y 3 endémicas de Veracruz (Elacatinus jarocho, Hypoplectrus atlahua e Hypoplectrus castroaguirrei). Halichoeres burekae, Coryphopterus hyalinus y los juveniles de Haemulon aurolineatum fueron las especies más abundantes, mientras que, Sphyraena barracuda, Anisotremus virginicus y Megalops atlanticus dominaron en biomasa. El gremio de los zooplanctívoros fue el más abundante (83.35 %) contrastando con la proporción de herbívoros (1.24 %). Los piscívoros presentaron la mayor biomasa (28.89 %), seguidos de los carnívoros generalistas (28.22 %). El sustrato del arrecife se caracterizó por nueve grupos morfofuncionales. En el ACC se observó un gradiente de los GMF y de la profundidad que se relacionaron con algunas especies de peces y con algunos gremios tróficos. La comunidad ictiológica del arrecife Palo Seco en general, se parece a las comunidades de peces de otros arrecifes veracruzanos, pero su riqueza y abundancia responde a las condiciones locales. El parecido sugiere una posible conectividad regional y resalta su importancia para la conservación.

Diversity of reef associated fishes in hook and line fishery at Mandapam, Gulf of Mannar, south-east coast of India

Reef associated fishes landed by hooks and lines at Mandapam landing centre in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu for a period of four years from October 2008 to May 2012 were studied based on fortnightly samplings. The hook and line fishing is seasonal in Gulf of Mannar and lasts for six months annually from October - November to April - May, as this area remains rough during the rest of the year. The average annual landing of fish during the study period was 171 t with a peak of 295 t in 2008-09 and showed a decline since then. A total of 32 species of reef associated fishes belonging to 14 families were landed. Among them, Sphyraena barracuda contributed the maximum with a share of 42% followed by Caranx heberi (15%). Family-wise landings indicated the dominance of Sphyraenidae (46%). The diversity index (H’) was the highest during 2008-09 and the evenness of distribution of individuals among different species did not show significant variation in different years. Funnel plots of average taxonomic distinctness (∆+ ) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (λ+ ) indicated that the values in most of the years are within the normal limits.

Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Fish Species Caught by Cast Net in New Calabar River, Nigeria

The length -weight relationship and condition factor (K) of fish species caught by cast net were studied from three stations in the New Calabar River, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 1541 specimens of 26 fish species and representing 11 families were randomly collected using cast net with mesh sizes of 1.5 and 2.5 cm. Sample sizes of the different fish species examined in this study ranged from 8.79±0.25 cm (Caranx hippos specie) to 31.48±4.93 cm (Sphyraena barracuda specie) in total length and 15.45±0.40 g (Elops lacerta) to 156.00±39.30 g (Pelmatolapia mariae) in weight. The entire length-weight data in all the three stations were pooled together and the calculated correlation coefficient showed a high positive correlation (1.00) between length and weight of all the fish species except in Caranx hippos (0.18) with low positive correlation. The b value obtained ranged from 2.13 for Ethmalosa fimbriata with negative allomerty to 3.53 for Pelmatolapia mariae with positive allometry. By negative allometry (b < 3), the fish is said to be lighter for its length as it grows and (b>3), the fish gains weight as it grows. The mean condition factor ranged from 0.36 ± 0.03 recorded for Sphyraena barracuda to 2.20 ± 0.02 for Coptodon guineensis and Coptodon zillii. Apart from Sphyraena barracuda general wellbeing of all the fish species were found to be good, as indicated by the values of condition factor, which were nearer to or greater than 1. The results of the present study will provide an effective tool for further studies of population dynamics and stock assessment studies in the study area.

Keanekaragaman Jenis dan Biomassa Ikan Karang (Species Target) di Perairan Pesisir Kampung Oransbari Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - Maret 2017 di perairan pesisir Kampung Oransbari, Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan, Provinsi Papua Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui komposisi jenis ikan karang, keanekaragaman jenis ikan karang, kelimpahan dan biomassa ikan karang. Proses pendataan kelimpahan ikan karang menggunakan metode sensus visual ikan (Underwater Fish Visual Census Method) (English et al, 1994), dimana secara teknis dilakukan dengan metode transek sabuk (Belt Transect). Total ikan karang yang tercatat adalah 6224 individu, tergolong dalam 9 famili, 11 genus dan 22 spesies dimana total individu stasiun I sebanyak 1174 dan 5050 individu pada stasiun II. Komposisi ikan karang tergolong dalam 9 famili (Haemullidae, Mullidae, Scaridae, Lutjanidae, Caesionidae, Acanthuridae, Siganidae, Serranidae dan Sphyraenidae), 11 genus (Plectorinchus, Parupeneus, Mulloides, Scarus, Choerodon, Lutjanus, Caesio, Ctenochaetus, Siganus, Cephalopholis, dan Sphyraena), dan terdiri dari 22 spesies (Plectorinchus lineatus, Plectorinchus chrysotaenia, Parupeneus bifasciatus, Mulloides flavolineatus, Scarus sp., Scarus bleekeri, Scarus flavipectoralis, Scarus quoyi, Choerodon anchorago, Lutjanus gibbus, Lutjanus quinquelineatus, Lutjanus semicinctus, Lutjanus erythropterus, Lutjanus rivulatus, Caesio lunaris, Caesio teres, Ctenochaetus striatus, Ctenochaetus tominiensis, Siganus doliatus, Siganus guttatus, Cephalopholis miniata, dan Sphyraena barracuda). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman pada stasiun I sebesar 3,03 dan 3,61 pada stasiun II, selanjutnya nilai indeks keseragaman pada stasiun I sebesar 1,12 dan 1,17 pada stasiun II, serta nilai indeks dominansi pada stasiun I sebesar 0,10 dan 0,08 pada stasiun II. Kelimpahan total ikan karang yang termasuk dalam kategori spesies target pada stasiun I yaitu 46.960 individu/ha dengan estimasi biomassa sebesar 188.528,7 Kg/ha. Selanjutnya pada stasiun II kelimpahan total ikan karang mencapai 202.000 individu/ha serta estimasi biomassa sebesar 335.045,4 Kg/ha.