Phisycal And Chemical Properties And Nutrient Content (N, P, K, Mg, B, Cu And Zn ) In Oil Palm Leaf In Various Of Age After Compacting

Planting of oil palm in peatland has been limited by soil physical, chemical properties, and hydrology, that`s way needed improvement on those matters to increase the productivity of peat and oil palm in peat soil by compacting. The purpose of this compacting is to improve the soil's physical, chemical properties, and soil moisture. A sampling of soil, water, and leaf were done in consecutive block 5,4,3,2,1,0 year after compacting and of planting done 4 years 10 months, 3 years 9 months, 2 years 9 months, 1 year 10 months, 11 months and 2 months, control used in this trial are origin condition (forest). Increasing bulk density was found at compacting block with 30 cm depth from the surface with the lower in 2 years after compacting at 0.09 g/cm3 and highest 4 years after compacting 0.4 g/cm3. In-depth of 60 cm from surface was found no increasing the bulk density 3 years after compacting 0.0 g/cm3 and the highest on 5 years after compacting 0.3 g/cm3 compared to forest. Decreasing on permeability in-depth 30 cm at 4 years after compacting 7.47 cm/jam and close to forest permeability 51.11 cm/hour is 2 years 43.6 cm/hour. As represent rise capillary consistently water content ≥ 80% achieved at depth 20 cm of surfaces on all block. Compaction doesn't regard pH, C organic, basa's saturation, capacity exchange cation. On depth 30 cm P-total lower on s without compaction at 599.6 ppm and above 871.6 ppm on 5 yr than forest 585 ppm. P available most low 58.1 ppm happens on 4 yr afters is compacted and p available forest 53.9 ppm. Nutrient content B, Cu and Zn at soil not influenced by compaction. Fosfor (P) in water increases with added years after compaction lower at 39.1 mg/L in the block without compaction compare of forest that 40.8 mg/L. Leaf nutrient rate on compacted block on optimum until excess where N (2. 69 – 3.15 %) , P (0. 170 – 0.209 %) , K( 0. 952 – 1.11%) , Mg ( 0. 377 – 0.497%) , except on block without compacting K (0. 830 %) and Mg (0. 190%) at deficiency and 0 years afters compaction Mg leaf on level deficiency 0. 230%. Nutrient content of B, Cu and Zn at various level and not influenced by compacting.

Treatment Method Assessment of the Impact on the Corrosivity and Aggressiveness for the Boiler Feed Water

The aim of the study was the assessment of corrosivity and aggressiveness for boiler feed water. The negative effects of water corrosivity and aggressiveness may include silting up of the steel water supply system and the destruction of boiler equipment touched or washed by such water. They may cause the whole industrial production system to fail or be destroyed. That is why it was important to reach a high water purification level, including the calculation of water aggressiveness and corrosivity indicators. The carried out test showed that the simple system used before the modernization of the industrial water treatment plant is not sufficient to reach clean and stable water. The authors proposed modernization, including additional processes to improve boiler water quality, and designed new devices for water treatment. As a result of the new idea, groundwater taken as raw water was treated in individual and complex processes, such as pre-aeration, filtration, ion exchange (cation and anion exchange resigns), extra aeration, and extra degassing. The conducted research included chemical analyses of raw and treated water. In the conducted studies, the indirect method of water aggressiveness and corrosivity assessment was applied using mathematical calculation of the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), the Ryznar Stability Index (RI), the Larson–Skold Index (LI), and the Singley Index (SI). The results proved that the new proposed processes for the boiler feed water treatment station allow reaching a high water quality and low level of water aggressiveness and corrosion.

PEMISAHAN DAN ANALISIS 137Cs DARI LARUTAN PELAT ELEMEN BAKAR U-7%Mo/Al

PEMISAHAN DAN ANALISIS 137Cs DARI LARUTAN PELAT ELEMEN BAKAR U-7%Mo/Al. Pemisahan cesium dari larutan pelat elemen bakar (PEB) U-7Mo/Al telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengendapan dan penukar kation. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan metode yang valid untuk pemisahan cesium dari larutan PEB U-7Mo/Al melalui penentuan parameter unjuk kerja metode yaitu akurasi, presisi dan rekoveri. Metode pengendapan dan metode penukar kation yang digunakan mengacu kepada metode ASTM 690-000 dan kepada hasil penelitian U3Si2/Al. Penentuan parameter unjuk kerja metode pengendapan dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan sampel PEB U-7%Mo/Al sebanyak 150 μL, larutan standar 137Cs sebanyak 50 μL dalam 2 mL HCl 0,1N. Larutan dikenakan proses pengendapan dengan menggunakan pereaksi HClO4 pekat dan penambahan senyawa carrier CsNO3 seberat 225 mg pada temperatur 0oC selama 1 jam, sedangkan proses penukar kation dilakukan dengan menggunakan resin zeolit Lampung sebanyak 400 mg. Proses penukar kation dilakukan secara batch dengan pengocokan selama 1 jam. Hasil proses pengendapan diperoleh endapan CsClO4 dan penukar kation diperoleh berupa padatan cesium - zeolit serta supernatan. Pengukuran dan analisis radionuklida137Cs dalam endapan CsClO4 dan padatan 137Cs-zeolit dilakukan dengan spektrometer gamma. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh nilai cacahan radionuklida 137Cs per detik (cps). Perhitungan rekoveri metode dilakukan dengan perbandingan nilai cacahan radionuklida 137Cs sebelum dan sesudah proses pemisahan. Hasil pemisahan radionuklida 137Cs dari larutan PEB U-7Mo/Al menggunakan metode pengendapan diperoleh rekoveri sebesar 95,56 % dengan akurasi dan presisi pengukuran masing-masing sebesar 0,375 % dan 1,875 %, sedangkan rekoveri pemisahan radionuklida 137Cs dengan metode penukar kation diperoleh rekoveri sebesar 26,73 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pengendapan lebih baik dari pada metode penukar kation untuk pemisahan 137Cs dari larutan bahan bakar PEB U-7Mo/Al.Kata Kunci: pemisahan cesium, metode pengendapan, penukar kation, zeolit Lampung, bahanbakar U-7%Mo/Al. SEPARATION OF CESIUM FROM U-7MO/AL FUEL PLATE SOLUTION HAS BEEN DONE BY USING PRECIPITATION METHOD AND CATION EXCHANGE. The aim of this research is to get a valid method of separating cesium from U-7Mo/Al fuel plate solution through determination of parameter of method (accuracy, precision, and recovery). Precipitation method and cation exchange method that are used refer to standard ASTM 690-000 and research result of U3Si2/Al. Parameter method determination has been done by using 150 μL sample (U-7%Mo/Al fuel plate solution, 50 μL of standard solution in 2 mL of HCl 0,1 N. The sample solution was undergone precipitation process by using HClO4 concentrated and 225 mg of CsNO3 as carrier in tempherature 0oC for an hour, while exchange cation process was done by using 400 mg of resin zeolit Lampung. The analysis of 137Cs in CsClO4 and 137Cs - zeolit was done by gamma spectrometre. Determination of recovery method was done by comparing count value of 137Cs before and after separation process. Recovery of precipitation method was obtained 95.56 % with accuracy and precicion measurement of 0.375 % and 1.875 % respectively, while recovery of cation exchange method obtained 26.73 %. To sum up, the results show that precipitation method better than exchange cation method for separation 137Cs from U-7Mo/Al fuel plate solution.Keywords: cesium separation, precipitation method, cation exchange, zeolit Lampung, U-7% Mo/AL fuel plate.

Sorption of Tetracycline Antibiotics from Water

Antibiotics are used in large amounts as human and veterinary medicine. Due to their use pattern, they possess a potential for reaching the water environment. In recent years great amount of evidence showed that tetracycline antibiotics were frequently detected in aquatic environment. In this paper, the literature on adsorption of tetracyclines (TCs) were reviewed and summarized. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption mechanism were discussed. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model fit the experimental data best in most cases of adsorption of TCs. Sorption of TCs followed Freundlich or Langmuir isotherm well in all cases. At last, main adsorption mechanisms such as cation exchange, cation bridging at surfaces, surface complexation, and hydrogen bonding could be suggested based on analysis by XRD, FTIR, NMR, HPLC, LC-MS, etc.

Ion-Exchange Resins as Controlled Drug Delivery Carriers

Ion exchange resins (IER) are insoluble polymers that contain acidic or basic functional groups and have the ability to exchange counter-ions within aqueous solutions surrounding them. Based on the nature of the exchangeable ion of the resin as a cation or anion, it is classified as cationic or anionic exchange resins, respectively. The efficacy of ion exchange resins mainly depends upon their physical properties such as degree of cross-linking, porosity, acid base strength, stability, purity and particle size. Modified release of drugs from resinate (drug-resin complexes) is another potential application of ion exchange resins. Due to the versatile utility of ion exchange resins, they are being used for various drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Resins used are polymers that contain appropriately substituted acidic groups, such as carboxylic and sulfonic for cation exchangers; or basic groups, such as quaternary ammonium group for anion exchangers. This review addresses different types of ion exchange resin, their properties, the chemistry; role of IER in controlled drug delivery systems, its therapeutic applications, methods of preparation of IER along with their resonates. Keywords: Anion exchange; Cation exchange; Resin; Controlled release; Resinates; Drug delivery. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4991 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 599-613 (2010)