Preparation and Characterization Mustard Oil, Nutmeg and Cloves to Treat Headache

Headache is an extremely common symptom and collectively headache disorders are among the most common of the nervous system disorders, with a prevalence of 48.9% in the general population.1 Headache affects people of all ages, races and socioeconomic status and is more common in women. Some headaches are extremely debilitating and have significant impact on an individual’s quality of life, imposing huge costs to healthcare and indirectly to the economy in general. Only a small proportion of headache disorders require specialist input. The vast majority can be effectively treated by a primary care physician or generalist with correct clinical diagnosis that requires no special investigation. Primary headache disorders – Headaches, tension headache and cluster headache – constitute nearly 98% of all headaches; however, secondary headaches are important to recognise as they are serious and may be life threatening. This article provides an overview of the most common headache disorders and discusses the red flag symptoms that help identify serious causes that merit urgent specialist referral. The current pathway of headache care in the UK is discussed with a view to proposing a model that might fit well in the financially constrained National Health Service (NHS) and with new NHS reforms. The role of the national society, the British Association for the Study of Headache, and the patient organisations such as Headaches Trust in headache education to the professionals and the general public in shaping headache care in the UK is described. The article concludes by summarising evidence-based management of common headache diagnoses. Keywords: Headache, Headaches, tension headache, cluster headache, medication overuse headache

Theoretical Aspects of Integrating Special Investigations in the Criminal Process in the Republic of Moldova

This article is devoted to the issue of integrating special investigation activities in the criminal process. The paper comments on the contradictory visions regarding the researched subject. The legal nature of the special investigative measures and the results obtained from them are analysed. The final conclusion is that integrating special investigations into criminal proceedings generates serious problems that undermine respect for the rights and freedoms of participants in criminal proceedings. The issues related to carrying out special investigative measures outside the limits of the criminal investigation and capitalizing on them remain remarkably current.

Women’s Burden of Caring for Orphans: The bio-psychosocial and economic challenges for caregivers in a rural community in South Africa

The practical activity of orphan-care in Social Work has received unquestionable and resounding globally attention. However, the skewed care of orphans towards women and its associated bio-psychosocial and economic challenges in the rural communities deserves special investigation and analysis. This article discusses women’s burden of orphan-care and associated bio-psychosocial and economic challenges experienced by carers in Alice in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Using a qualitative research approach and voluntary purposive sampling to ensure that carers of orphans were engaged in the study, individual face-to-face interviews were conducted to engage twenty caregivers. Data were analysed thematically and backed by existing literature. The findings showed that women caregivers of orphans experienced a plethora of bio-psychosocial and economic issues when caring for orphans in the rural communities. The article makes relevant recommendations for the profession of Social Work and stakeholders of orphan-care.

Special investigative measures: Comparison of the Serbian Criminal Procedure Code with the European Court of Human Rights Standards

This paper is focused on several important issues that deal with special investigation measures. The main perspective of the analysis is based on the ECtHR case law on this issue. Two issues are from primary interests: secret monitoring of communication and undercover investigator. Intensive ICT development enables various modern techniques and methods of crime investigation but also results in some new types of crime that could be committed using ICT. Expansion of the fundamental rights and their protection, especially in Europe, raised global awareness of the right to privacy and the need to protect it. Having that in mind, it seems that the main question that should be answered by legislator is: Where is the borderline between the right to privacy and the public interest to investigate or prevent crime and collect evidence? The undercover investigator falls under Article 6 of the Convention and there are different rules on the admissibility of such evidence. Serbian Criminal Procedure Law on some points is in line with ECtHR standards, but some very important provisions, as well as practice, are not.

Mapping E-Commerce Locally and Beyond: CITT K12 Special Investigation Project

As all aspects of the American workplace become automated or digitally enhanced to some degree, K12 educators have an increasing responsibility to help their students acquire the technical skills necessary to organize and interpret information. Increasingly, this is done through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), especially in careers related to transportation and logistics. The Center for International Trade & Transportation (CITT) at CSU Long Beach has developed this K12 Special Investigation Project to introduce ArcGIS StoryMaps, an engaging, accessible and sophisticated web-based GIS application. The lessons center on e-commerce and its accompanying environmental and economic impact. Still, the activities can be easily adapted to projects in any subject area, such as humanities, science, math, or language arts. This teacher blueprint includes a teacher training guide with ten detailed lesson plans and activities. With the guidance of a National Board-Certified Teacher in Early Adolescence Math as lead instructor, the curriculum is designed to align with Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Also, exploration of STEM and GIS-related careers are incorporated into the lesson plans.

Local flow assessment of the Japan Bulk Carrier using different turbulence models

Ship resistance and powering represent the most important aspects in the initial design stage of the ship. Based on their estimation the basic milestone for selecting the main engine and the propulsion system is established. The majority of ships in the international fleet nowadays rely on the screw propeller working in the wake zone behind the ship. The wake flow of the ship has a direct impact on the propeller performance and the propulsion efficiency. Accurate prediction of the nominal and effective wake is crucially important to provide a proper understanding of the flow where the propeller will perform. From this point of view, the wake flow of the Capesize Japan Bulk Carrier (JBC) is assessed using a viscous flow Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Numerical simulations are performed to predict the nominal and effective wake of the ship by making use of the viscous flow solver ISIS_CFD of the FINETM/Marine software provided by NUMECA. The solver is based on the finite volume method to build the spatial discretization of the transport equation to resolve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. Closure to turbulence is achieved using different turbulence models in order to investigate their accuracy in predicting the complex wake flow of the ship. Two-phase flow approach is used to model the air-water interface where the Volume of Fluid method is implemented to capture the free-surface. The results for both nominal and effective wake are assessed against the experimental data provided by the National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) and Yokohama National University in Japan that were presented in the seventh Workshop on CFD in ship hydrodynamics (Tokyo2015). The results validation showed a reasonable agreement compared to the experimental data for both nominal and effective wake. As it was expected, some turbulence models showed to be more accurate in predicting ship wake, especially the Shear Stress Transport (K-ω SST) and Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress (EASM) Models. A special investigation of the flow vortices is also taken into consideration.

Use of international legal assistance during the pre-trial investigation of corruption crimes in the sphere of official and professional activities

Based on the provisions of criminal procedure theory and criminology, the problems of international legal assistance are revealed during the pre-trial investigation for crimes of corruption in the field of official and professional activities. Special attention is paid to identifying the details of evidential activities in criminal proceedings for offences related to the provision of public services during a special pre-trial investigation (in absentia). The methodological basis of the article is a set of general and special scientific methods of legal cognition. In particular, the concept of pre-trial special investigation is formulated, its functional purpose is defined, characteristics of the carrying out of separate investigative actions (search) during the special pre-trial investigation for corruption offences. Attention is paid to issues of international cooperation to identify and search for assets in these criminal proceedings. Other problems are revealed in the use of international legal assistance to obtain evidence during the investigation of these crimes. It is concluded that a problem that arises during international cooperation during the preliminary investigation is the uncertainty in international rules on the provision of mutual legal assistance.

How popular is X-ray hysterosalpingography in the investigation of infertility by radiographers and radiologists in Nigeria?

Background: Nigeria has an infertility rate of 4% to 48.1%. This health condition is the most frequently investigated in radiology departments across the country. Although ultrasound is used as first line investigation, its limited sensitivity to tubal patency has made hysterosalpingography (HSG), despite its radiation risks, as the procedure of choice. Objective: To determine the throughput of all special investigations in the study locations with a view to ascertaining if the use of hysterosalpingography is declining or flourishing. Methods: A retrospective extraction of data about special investigations from physical archives in the radiology department of two tertiary hospitals. Concluded special investigations between 2012 – 2014 and 2017 – 2019 were enlisted. The physical film jackets in both centers were consecutively scrutinized and the type and date of special investigation was noted. Results: A total of one hundred and forty-eight thousand, three hundred and twenty-two (148,322) patients aged 2 days to 95 years (mean: 34.85 ± 16.61 years) passed through the radiology departments between 2012 – 2014, and 2017 – 2019. Those for special radiological investigations numbered 4,806 (3.24 %). Hysterosalpingography (n = 2.148; 44.7%) and lateral invertogram (n = 39; 0.8%) were the special investigations with the highest and least throughputs, respectively. There were five specific HSG findings and fibroid had the highest frequency (n = 683; 31.80%). Conclusions: Hysterosalpingography is the most common special radiological procedure for investigating infertility by radiographers and radiologists in Nigeria.

Analysis of diverse factors influencing the health status as well as medical and health service utilization in the floating elderly of China

Background Based on the “China Migrants Dynamic Survey-Special investigation on Floating Elderly in 8 megacities in 2015”, the health status and the utilization of medical and health services in floating elderly were described and analyzed. Objective Scientific basis and critical suggestions are provided for improving the utilization level of medical and health services in the floating elderly and designing targeted health policies to improve their well-being. Methods The rank-sum test and Pearson χ2 test were used to compare the health status of floating elderly with different characteristics. Thereafter based on Andersen model, floating characteristics were added and binary logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of medical and health service utilization in the floating elderly. Results About 94.7% of the floating elderly were self-assessed as healthy/basically healthy. About 24.2% had hypertension or diabetes as diagnosed by the qualified doctors. About 7% suffered from diseases that required hospitalization. Only 28.6% of the floating elderly with hypertension or diabetes had visited a doctor for follow-up. In the case of minor ailments, only 48.7% decided to visit the clinics. Approximately 70.7% of the floating elderly had used in-patient services when they suffered from diseases requiring hospitalization. Conclusion The floating elderly were observed to be generally in good health but a high prevalence of hypertension or diabetes was observed among them. The cultivation of health awareness was found to be of great significance contributing to the improvement of the overall health level among the floating elderly. The basic medical insurance coverage was low, and the medical and health services were found to be severely underutilized. Adequate social support can promote the health of the floating elderly and improve their utilization of medical and health services. The floating reasons, scope and years of the elderly significantly affected their health status and the utilization rate of the basic public health services.

A bionic noise reduction strategy on the trailing edge of NACA0018 based on the central composite design method

New innovative approaches to reduce noise are of great significance in engineering. Taking the typical NACA0018 airfoil as the study target, the serrated treatment of the trailing edge is carried out with the bionic noise reduction technology. To boost the design efficiency and clarify the distributing laws between the design parameters and the noise performances, a special investigation about optimizing the NACA0018 airfoil’s serrated trailing edge is implemented here. Firstly, a united parametric approach to represent various design schemes is proposed. Then, with the integration of the Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Acoustics analysis, Central Composite Design, and the Respond Surface Method, a bionic noise reduction strategy is established. The findings can be gotten as: taking into account the existence of the casing or wall near the span-end of the airfoil, the newly defined install location adjustment factor has an influence on the reduction noise, and the install location adjustment factor mainly affects the near-wall flow field of the serrated trailing edge; the optimal design scheme is obtained successfully, which can reduce the overall sound pressure level by about 2 dB in relative to the target; through the mechanism analysis of noise reduction, it can be found that the serrated trailing edge can suppress the development of the laminar separation bubbles, so the noise is reduced.