GATT Dispute Settlement Reports

GATT Dispute Settlement Reports compiles all dispute settlement reports issued under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947), including its Tokyo Round plurilateral codes, from 1948 to 1995. This compilation includes both adopted and unadopted reports.The GATT documents containing the reports are reproduced in English in their original form and without any modifications. They are presented in chronological order based on the initiation date of the dispute, with each case identified by a unique GATT dispute (GD) number. A cover page for each dispute provides the report's adoption status, the date it was issued and any GATT or WTO disputes directly related to the dispute in question. At the end of each volume, there is a list of all GATT dispute settlement reports contained within the series, with references to the relevant volume and page numbers.

The Trade Policy Review Mechanism

This book is the first academic monograph to provide a critical analysis of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM). In order to do so, it first looks at the TPRM’s historical development into the WTO’s mechanism for peer review. In this context, the book provides a historical analysis of the concept of peer review and distils a peer review mechanism’s theoretical core elements in terms of objectives, structure and participants. It then applies these elements to the five defining institutional phases of the TPRM (Article X of the GATT (1947), the Tokyo Round negotiations resulting in the Understanding Regarding Notification, Consultation, Dispute Settlement and Surveillance (1979), the report ‘Trade Policies for a Better Future: Proposals for Action’ (1985), the Functioning of the GATT System (FOGS) negotiations (1986), and the provisional adaption of the TPRM during the Montreal mid-term review of the Uruguay Round (December 1988)). The book then measures to which degree the TPRM has been performing well as the WTO’s mechanism for peer review. In order to do so, it follows the first five institutionally mandated appraisals of the TPRM (1999, 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2013). The book concludes that the TPRM has functioned well but that its performance could and should be improved in order to remain politically relevant. In order to do so, it provides some recommendations which are tested against the background of the last (sixth) appraisal which precede the upcoming Eleventh WTO Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires (December 2017).

Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup dalam Perdagangan Internasional

Isu lingkungan hidup tidak dapat dipisahkan dari perdagangan intemasional. Dalam sejarahpembentukan GATT pada tahun 1947 isu lingkungan hidup telah dimuat dalam artikel XX tentang "General Exception ". Aturan dasar ini kemudian disepakati dalam "Tokyo Round"menjadi "Agreement on Technical Barrier to Trade" dan disempumakan dalam "Uruguay Round". Melalui perjanjian ini GATT/WTO kemudian mengakui keberadaan "International Organization for Standarization (ISO)". Dengan demikian melahirkan pengakuan keterkaitan antara perdagangan intemasional dengan isu lingkungan hidup.