Community Intervention Self-Efficacy Scale for Parent Leaders (CONNECTED): Parents’ Empowerment to Prevent Adolescent Alcohol Use

Empowering parents by actively engaging them in environmental prevention strategies is a promising approach that only a few programs use. Evidence suggests that when families and the wider community are engaged, alcohol prevention is more efficient. However, due to the novelty of this approach, no specific assessment tools for measuring this type of engagement are available. The objective of this study is to design a parental empowerment measurement tool to evaluate parents’ self-efficacy when engaging in environmental and community actions and to analyze its psychometric properties. A total of 132 parents active in in-school parent associations from Spain (n = 77; 58.4%) and Portugal (n = 55; 41.7%) completed a pencil and paper battery of four questionnaires, including the developed scale COmmuNity iNtervention SElf-Efficacy SCale for ParenT LEaDers (CONNECTED). The scale showed a good reliability and good test-retest stability in a three-month period. The convergent validity with other well-established instruments that assess similar constructs was significant. A preliminary confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed an acceptable fit. Environmental prevention supported by families is a promising preventive strategy because the participation and involvement of families is an effective way to address some risks in adolescence; however, new assessment tools are needed in this field. The developed scale could be a first step to identify the areas of need in a community and to monitor the progress and evaluate the outcomes of the preventive interventions implemented.

Community-Based Approaches to the Prevention of Substance Use-Related Problems

Scientific research into the environmental prevention of alcohol and drug-use problems has a distinguished history, with the goal of identifying environmental factors that can be modified to reduce harmful alcohol and drug use. This chapter shows how effective community-based prevention programs have applied environmental prevention strategies to reduce substance use and abuse. Although not all environmental prevention strategies can be implemented at the community level, communities can use a number of these strategies to reduce heavy drinking, access to harmful legal products, and related problems. The authors contrast environmental prevention strategies with individual-based approaches to highlight differences and demonstrate synergies that exist between efforts to change substance use environments and programs that attempt to affect personal choices to use or abuse drugs. The authors highlight the global breadth of community-based prevention research efforts and contributions to broader based international efforts that benefit all societies, inform community-based prevention programs, and complement individual-based prevention strategies.

Experimental Research of Three-Phase Foam Fire-Fighting Technology in 7312-2 Caving Face Prevention Goal of a Coal Mine

Spontaneous combustion of coal is a serious threat to the normal working of the mine and the safety of miners, the research to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal has a great significance. Technology based on the three-phase bubble theory, combined with characteristics of coal of 7312-2 caving face of a coal mine in Xuzhou, using laboratory studies to determination the fly ash , Wong and a variety of surfactant , then determining the formula of three-phase foam which is fit for a coal mine coal, it can restrain goal spontaneous combustion effectively and beneficial to safety production and environmental prevention.

L'Europa verde. La politica ambientale comunitaria dalle origini al riconoscimento formale dell'Atto unico (1972-1986)

- The article describes the main dynamics characterizing the beginnings of the European environmental policy in the Seventies. The author reconstructs the European institutions role and some aspects concerning their relations with the international context, which has deeply influenced the European Economic Community action in this sector. In particular, the author describes the first phase of this policy evolution, which ended in 1986, when the Single Act recognized the Community competence in the environmental field. During this time, the Community developed the environmental political action and it gradually changed its corrective approach into a preventive one. The article focuses on some important events of this transformation and some measures adopted by the European Economic Community in order to improve the environmental prevention standards in the member States.Parole chiave: Politica ambientale, Comunitŕ economica europea, Atto unico europeo, Crisi ecologica, Crisi energetica, Prevenzione ambientale Environmental Policy, European Economic Community, Single European Act, Environmental Crisis, Energy Crisis, Environmental Prevention