Acceptability of Mebendazole Chewable Tablet in Children Aged 2 to 4 Years in Peru

Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is among the most common of parasitic infections, affecting vulnerable populations in tropical/subtropical areas globally. In endemic countries, children, a high-risk population, require treatment and preventive interventions. Mebendazole, a WHO-recommended medicine, originally formulated as a tablet that was often crushed for administration to young children unable to swallow it, was reformulated as a chewable tablet. Acceptability is a key aspect for treatment effectiveness in pediatrics. Herein, we used a validated data-driven approach to investigate the acceptability of the 500-mg mebendazole chewable tablet in children aged 2 to 4 years in Peru. Observer-reported outcomes were collected for 182 medicine intakes. Acceptability was scored using the acceptability reference framework: a three-dimensional map juxtaposing “positively accepted” and “negatively accepted” profiles. Results found that the 500-mg mebendazole chewable tablet was classified as “positively accepted” in children aged 2 to 4 years. Acceptability increased with age and some acceptability issue remain for the younger children. Nevertheless, this formulation was considerably better accepted than the conventional tablets regardless of treatment in young children. This chewable formulation appears to be an appropriate alternative to the hard tablet of mebendazole for treatment of STH and preventive interventions in children aged 2 to 4 years.

Fluralaner 5.46% (W/W) Flavored Chewable Tablet (Bravecto® 1-Month) Is Effective for Treatment of Canine Generalized Demodicosis

Background: Orally administered fluralaner (13.64% w/w) is effective for treating canine generalized demodicosis. A study was initiated to assess the efficacy of a novel 5.46% w/w fluralaner chewable tablet formulation for monthly administration in the treatment of this disease.Methods: Client-owned dogs diagnosed with generalized demodicosis were acclimatized to laboratory conditions and randomized to receive either orally administered fluralaner (Bravecto® 1-Month) (10.0 to 14.4 mg/kg body weight) (n = 8) or topical imidacloprid-moxidectin (Advocate® for dogs, Elanco) applied per label on Days 0, 28 and 56 (n = 8), or more frequently for ongoing severe demodicosis. On Days -2, 28, 56 and 84, deep skin scrapings were taken from 5 sites on each dog for mite identification and counting, and semi-quantitative clinical assessments of generalized demodicosis were recorded. Primary efficacy was based upon arithmetic mean mite count reductions relative to pre-treatment.Results: By Day 28, mean pre-treatment mite counts, >600 in both groups, were significantly reduced by 99.7% and 89.5% (both P < 0.001) in the fluralaner and imidacloprid-moxidectin groups, respectively. Parasitological cure (100% reduction in mite counts on Days 56 and 84) was achieved in all fluralaner-treated dogs (100%) and in 2 imidacloprid-moxidectin treated dogs (25%). In the imidacloprid-moxidectin group, the reduction in mean mite counts was 89.5% (Day 28), 94.4% (Day 56) and 97.5% (Day 84). All study dogs were free of crusts on Days 56 and 84. Scales resolved by Day 84 in all fluralaner-treated dogs and in 3 imidacloprid-moxidectin treated dogs. All fluralaner-treated dogs and 5 imidacloprid-moxidectin treated dogs had > 90% hair re-growth on Day 84.Conclusion Three consecutive monthly oral administrations of fluralaner (5.46% w/w) flavored chewable tablets (minimum dose rate 10 mg/kg body weight) eliminated Demodex canis mites from dogs diagnosed with generalized demodicosis.

Comparison of Acid-neutralizing capacity of antacids in Erbil City

Background and objective: Antacids are basic substances that can neutralize hydrochloric acid and reduce gastric acidity. They are over the counter drugs used to treat dyspepsia. The most commonly used antacids are sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium carbonate. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antacids that are commonly used in Erbil city by finding their acid-neutralizing capacity. Methods: The method for acid-neutralizing capacity was adapted from pharmacopeia. The samples were prepared by dissolving the antacid in an excess amount of hydrochloric acid, then neutralizing the excess acid with sodium hydroxide solution by doing back titration. The number of milliequivalents that are neutralized by the antacid is the acid-neutralizing capacity of the antacid. Results: Rennie® chewable tablet showed the highest acid-neutralizing capacity, followed by AntacidAwa and Maalux® plus. The lowest acid-neutralizing capacity was for the suspensions Gaviscon® and Enoxon®. Conclusion: Acid-neutralizing capacity is an easy and quick method to evaluate the efficacy of antacids. Different combinations of salts and concentrations can affect the acid-neutralizing capacity of the antacid. The higher the neutralizing effect of the antacid, the more effective the antacid is. Keywords: Acid-neutralizing capacity; Antacid; pH; Dyspepsia; Erbil.

Uji Mutu Fisik Metoklopramid HCl Tablet Chewable dengan Variasi Jenis Pengisi sebagai Diluent menggunakan Metode Granulasi Basah

Metoclopramide HCl are used to reduce vomiting and nausea. The availability on the market in the form of tablet, syrup and injection. Patient tend to prefer take drugs by oral use because it was easier. Chewable tablet is the new product as the alternative ways to treatment children and adult patient who had difficulity problem of swallowing drugs. Objectives: This research aims to formulate the chewable metoclopramide HCl tablets using diluent variations to get a better physical quality test. Chewable tablets of metoclopramide HCl are made using diluent variations, they are mannitol, sucrose, lactose. Formula I mannitol, formula II sucrose, and formula III lactose. Chewable tablet preparations are made by the wet granulation method. Data collection was performed on physical characteristics including organoleptic, weight uniformity, uniformity of size, tablet hardness, tablet fragility, disintegration time, metoclopramide HCl levels. Physical quality test results were statistically analyzed to determine the effect of variations in the diluent on the characteristics of chewable tablets. The results of this research have an influence on the physical quality and uniformity of contents of various types of diluent variations between each formulation. In this research, fillers have an important role in the preparation of chewable metoclopramide tablets to determine the physical quality of the tablets and the uniformity of their contents. The variation of diluent that gives better results is mannitol. This is because formulas that use mannitol have uniformity in content that meets the requirements, faster disintegration time, and physical quality of tablets that still meet the requirements, when compared to the first and second formulations. The variation of diluent that gives better results is mannitol.

EFFECT OF VARIATION OF LUBRICANT CONCENTRATION (MAGNESIUM STEARATE) ON THE PHYSICAL QUALITY OF METOCLOPRAMID HCl TABLETS WITH DIRECT PRINTING METHOD

Metoclopramide HCl is used to relieve nausea and vomiting. Market availability in the form of tablets, syrup and injection. The most preferred drug use by patients is oral medication because of its ease of use. Chewable tablets are a new product as an alternative for treatment in pediatric and adult patients who have difficulty swallowing drugs. This study aims to formulate the chewable tablet preparations of metoclopramide HCl using variations in lubricant concentrations. The variations of magnesium stearate with concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% using the direct printing method made to obtain a better physical quality test including organoleptics, weight uniformity, uniformity of size, tablet hardness, tablet brittleness, tablet crush time, uniformity of content. The results of the physical quality test were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of lubricants on the characteristics of chewable tablets. The results showed that variations in the concentration of magnesium stearate lubricant in the manufacture of metoclopramide HCl chewable tablets had an effect on the physical quality of metoclopramide HCl chewable tablets. The concentration of magnesium stearate which produces metoclopramide HCl chewable tablets with good physical properties is 2%.

Effectiveness of Credelio® Plus, a novel chewable tablet containing milbemycin oxime and lotilaner for the treatment of larval and immature adult stages of Toxocara canis in experimentally infected dogs

Background The ascarid, Toxocara canis, is a common and important zoonotic intestinal nematode parasite that infects dogs globally. An effective treatment that kills any pre-patent stages of immature T. canis could additionally reduce or eliminate the development of patent infections that can result in clinical disease in infected dogs and would further reduce environmental contamination of eggs. Two randomized, blinded, GCP-compliant, pivotal laboratory dose confirmation studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of a new novel combination of lotilaner and milbemycin oxime tablets (Credelio Plus) administered orally to dogs that were experimentally infected with immature (L4 or immature adult [L5]) stages of T. canis. Methods The commercial tablet formulation of Credelio Plus® was administered in a time frame relative to inoculation with infective eggs. This allowed for effectiveness to be assessed against each specific immature stage of T. canis. In each study, dogs were randomized and allocated to one of four treatment groups. Each treatment group contained ten dogs that had been experimentally inoculated on Day 0 with infective T. canis eggs and then were dosed once on Day 14 or Day 24 using either placebo tablets or Credelio Plus tablets (IP) to provide minimum dosages of 0.75 mg/kg of milbemycin oxime and 20 mg/kg of lotilaner. All dogs were necropsied 5 or 6 days after their respective treatment. At necropsy, all nematodes recovered from the gastrointestinal tract were counted by species and stage. Results In both dose confirmation studies using geometric mean worm counts, effectiveness of Credelio Plus was ≥ 98.6% and ≥ 96.8% against L4 larval stage T. canis and immature adult [L5] T. canis in both studies, respectively. Conclusions These studies demonstrated that the Credelio Plus combination tablet administered orally to dogs was highly efficacious against experimental infections with L4 and immature adult [L5] stages of T. canis.

Efficacy of Souroubea-Platanus Dietary Supplement Containing Triterpenes in Beagle Dogs Using a Thunderstorm Noise-Induced Model of Fear and Anxiety

A novel botanical dietary supplement, formulated as a chewable tablet containing a defined mixture of Souroubea spp. vine and Platanus spp. Bark, was tested as a canine anxiolytic for thunderstorm noise-induced stress (noise aversion). The tablet contained five highly stable triterpenes and delivered 10 mg of the active ingredient betulinic acid (BA) for an intended 1 mg/kg dose in a 10 kg dog. BA in tablets was stable for 30 months in storage at 23 °C. Efficacy of the tablets in reducing anxiety in dogs was assessed in a blinded, placebo-controlled study by recording changes in blood cortisol levels and measures of behavioral activity in response to recorded intermittent thunder. Sixty beagles were assigned into groups receiving: placebo, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, and 4× dose, or the positive control (diazepam), for five days. Reduction in anxiety measures was partially dose-dependent and the 1× dose was effective in reducing inactivity time (p = 0.0111) or increased activity time (p = 0.0299) compared with placebo, indicating a decrease in anxiety response. Cortisol measures also showed a dose-dependent reduction in cortisol in dogs treated with the test tablet.

Development and Evaluation of Goat Milk Tablet Using Dry Granulation Techniques for Nutraceutical Purposes

There are several problems for the school children to take the pure milk especially the goat milk every day because of the unpleasant taste and smell of the goat milk are not so good. Besides, the pure milk has a short life time. It is difficult to store the goat milk in a long period of time at room temperature. The solution for this problem is change the goat milk from liquid form into the chewable milk tablet that can be easily consume by the school children. Goat milk in the form of tablet formulation will increase the shelf life of the product. Therefore, the chewable goat milk tablet can be stored in a long period of time, convenience, and suitable for distribution to remote areas. In this project, the focusing was more into the optimization of the weight adjustment of the tableting machine before and after the dry granulation to form good chewable tablet. The pre-evaluation had been done for the goat milk powder and granule after dry granulation process. It can be concluded that goat milk tablet can be an alternative to the pure goat milk. The poorly flowing properties of goat milk powder can be improved by using dry granulation techniques. Based on this study, F4D shows the best setting to produce the goat milk tablet using dry granulation technique. F4D successfully improved the flow ability and compressibility of goat milk tablet. It also produce the best goat milk tablet as it possess uniformity of weight, low friability and good hardness