DEVELOPING SELF–CONFIDENCE IN MILITARY DECISION MAKIN: An Imperative for Wargaming

In his Commandant’s Planning Guidance, the 38th Commandant charges the Marine Corps with doing more to employ wargaming in education and training. It is not often clear why the Marine Corps needs to use this technique to practice decision making, given other kinds of decisions games, such as tactical decision games (TDGs) and decision forcing cases (DFC). While these other decision-making educational tools have their advantages in honing the communication of estimates, orders, and corresponding rationales, the primary virtue of wargaming lies in the far larger number of decisions players must make in a continuously unfolding situation.

The Concept of Assessing the Level of the Enterprise Economic Security

Several problems can be identified in assessing the economic security of organizations. Most of the developed techniques in this area involve the assessment of the financial component of economic security using methods for assessing the probability of the bankruptcy of the enterprise. At the same time, there are no unambiguously recommended evaluation methods; often enterprises are limited to any one complex methodology. Any evaluation of the financial component of the security is reduced to the cost-benefit analysis and evaluation of balance sheet liquidity and the financial stability of the organization, without the formation of an integral indicator. This approach does not consider the nature of internal processes and assesses the final impact of these “processes” on the indicators of financial statements (based on which the assessment of the financial component of economic security is formed). Also, one of the problems of assessing economic security using mathematical models is the complexity of mastering these models and the lack of the programs for performing calculations. It should be noted that it is a characteristic of the largest number of studied methods that usually assess the current state of the enterprise, the complex methodology does not consider threats, the maximum that can be considered is a possible prevented damage. Nevertheless, working with threats in the assessment system allows us to predict the possible negative impact on the state of economic security. And timely prevent these situations or “take the risk”, since it is advisable to assess threats through risk indicators. Assessment of economic security is as important as any other economic analytical information needed for the timely decision-makin and the formation of proactive measures.

A stakeholder theory approach to creating value in higher education institutions

Purpose This paper aims to empirically verify whether the development of improved relationships between higher education institutions (HEIs) and their stakeholders based on the principles of stakeholder theory creates more value. Design/methodology/approach The methods involve a quantitative approach, with the data collection being carried out through a survey of 88 heads of HEIs in Brazil. The paper uses the Spearman’s correlation coefficient to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Findings The findings reinforce the arguments found in the stakeholder theory literature, in which relationships are based on the following principles: knowledge and information sharing, mutual trust, involvement in the decision-makin g process and alignment of stakeholders’ interests in the strategic planning process, all of which create more value for organizations. Practical implications This study seeks to improve the knowledge of stakeholder theory in relation to HEIs. It identifies the stakeholder relationships that create the most value and have the potential to generate a sustainable competitive advantage. The results can help managers to improve their relationships with stakeholders and may encourage the implementation of practices and policies that consider stakeholders’ influence on the strategic direction of HEIs. Social implications The studies present a social contribution by evidencing the importance of the development of best practices, processes and strategies in the management of educational institutions, which are important actors in the development of society. Originality/value The originality of this paper is that it empirically tests the principles of stakeholder theory and their relationships with value creation for organizations in the higher education context. Whilst stakeholder theory has been explored in multiples contexts, there is a lack of studies addressing stakeholder management in HEIs.

Aplicación de la teoría acumulativa de prospectos para identificar el grado de soluciones de riesgo en la implementación de proyectos de innovación de alta tecnología.

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the application of cumulative theory of prospectuses to identify the degree of risk decisions in the implementation of projects in the field of high-tech innovations. In the theoretical part of the article, the authors note that obtaining an assessment of the degree of efficiency of investments in various large innovative projects is a rather laborious and complex process, in which a special place should be given to the analysis of the risk of the investments themselves. As an effective way to assess the level of risk present in the implementation of innovative projects, the authors of the article study the cumulative theory of the prospectuses, based on the theories of utility and management decision making, created by Daniel Kaneman and Amos Tversky. Furthermore, the authors underline that if the administrative decision is accepted in the conditions of uncertainty, it should necessarily consider various psychological factors in comparison with classical models of decision-makin, which are constructed on conditions of the maximum availability of the information. In the research part of article, the authors consider a way of an estimation of integral risks of innovative projects. In the final part of article, the authors come to the conclusions that the algorithm of an estimation of risks of innovative projects should obligatory include, not only an expert estimation at an initial stage, but also the subsequent adjustment of the values received after the decision taken regarding the optimization problems.

An empirical study for evaluating performance of King Abdulaziz International Airport with six sigma

This research is intended to evaluate the efficiency of proceures and processes used by the King AbdulazizInternational Airport (KAIA) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with the help of Six Sigma. For, we have framed differentobjectives for analyzing the effect of six sigma in decision makings and quality control of the KAIA. The aim is also tofind out the relationship of Six Sigma on an information system used by KAIA. We have used the qualitative researchmethod (semi-structured interview method) with the target population of five employees working at KAIA. Qualitativedata was collected from participants through transcribed, audio-recorded and codes. Thematic analysis was carriedout in order to obtain the study result. Our study finds that there is a significant effect of Six Sigma in streamlining ofall the processes of KAIA, which contributed towards the improvement of the quality and providing better control. Wefound that the KAIA applies KPIs to measure the decision makin, empowering the decision makers or managers. Wehave also reflected on the role of Six Sigma towards the effective performance of individuals in finance, customersupport, and internal business process and team development.

An empirical study for evaluating performance of King Abdulaziz International Airport with Six Sigma

This research is intended to evaluate the efficiency of proceures and processes used by the King Abdulaziz International Airport (KAIA) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with the help of Six Sigma. For, we have framed different objectives for analyzing the effect of six sigma in decision makings and quality control of the KAIA. The aim is also to find out the relationship of Six Sigma on an information system used by KAIA. We have used the qualitative research method (semi-structured interview method) with the target population of five employees working at KAIA. Qualitative data was collected from participants through transcribed, audio-recorded and codes. Thematic analysis was carried out in order to obtain the study result. Our study finds that there is a significant effect of Six Sigma in streamlining of all the processes of KAIA, which contributed towards the improvement of the quality and providing better control. We found that the KAIA applies KPIs to measure the decision makin, empowering the decision makers or managers. We have also reflected on the role of Six Sigma towards the effective performance of individuals in finance, customer support, and internal business process and team development.

Kebijaksanaan Teknologi Tepat Guna untuk Petani Kecil

<strong>Indonesian</strong><br />The majority of Indonesian farmers, especially farmers in Java, are small farmers. The number of farmers land holdings of less than 0.5 hectare totals 53.9 percent, those with 0.5 - 0.99 hectare are 22.1 percent, while those with 1 - 1.99 hectare are only 15.9 percent. However, these small farmers are main contributors to food production of the country. This implies that efforts to strengthen agribusiness system at local level will involve 90 percent of small farmers in Java with land holdings of less than 1.0 hectare, and 76 percent of total Indonesian farmers with the same level of land holdings. In this globalization era, there is a need of policy which is supportive to the appropriate technology for small farmers that enables them to manage their resources efficiently based on comparative advantage considerations. In this respect, agro ecosystem diversity and regional development stage in the country, availability and quality of natural and human resources, and local socio economic and cultural condition should be considered in technology generation and development. Several research results reported that the size of the land holding was one of the determinant factors in farmer's decision makin to adopt technology. The difference in the size of land holding, the farmer's productivity, and the availablity of supporting factors boosting agribusiness and agroindustry, indicates a different need of policy in technology development. Small farmers in Java need intensive land utilization technology, even non-land based techniques, and non-labor displacement technology. Thus, generating technology which is suitable for small farmers should be the main priority in agricultural research and development in Indonesia, at least in the coming few periods of the Five Year Development Plan (PELITA).