Effective Tax Planning

We use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to develop a measure of effective tax planning that is theoretically aligned with the Scholes-Wolfson paradigm and captures how efficiently firms maximize after-tax returns given their operating, investing, and financing decisions. We then (1) document the measure is associated with higher after-tax returns to provide assurance DEA achieves its objective in our setting, (2) demonstrate the measure is incremental to cash ETRs in predicting after-tax returns, (3) validate the measure by showing its association with lower tax and non-tax costs, and (4) provide evidence the measure captures something about taxes distinct from overall firm performance. This measure is useful to researchers given the known limitations of ETRs as a measure of tax planning.

APPLICATION OF TAX PRIORITIES IN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

In the process of studying the methodological approaches used in assessing the tax burden, it was concluded that it is advisable to use a comprehensive assessment of tax costs in their relationship with tax-dependent places of expenditure, cost centers and responsibilities that cause tax liabilities, and this allows us to expand the cognitive value of the analysis of the profitability of different species. The lack of direct interdependence of the tax burden of enterprises as economic entities with the objects of management accounting in the accounting system leads to the inability to analyze the level and optimize the amount of tax expenditures. In this regard, the identification and justification of the principles of selection in the management accounting of objects of responsibility for tax costs that arise, allows to increase the informativeness of management accounting for these costs and establish the relationship between specific taxes and centers of responsibility for tax base formation. The article highlights the peculiarities of the formation of information on tax expenditures, which make it possible to model the accounting mechanism for the tax burden in the management accounting system. Selected accounting and analytical indicators that directly or indirectly affect the amount of tax payments and are interrelated with the functional responsibility of managers at different levels. The peculiarities of the distribution of tax expenses between the objects of management accounting are revealed, in which each of the objects of management is the object of accounting and assumes part of the tax cost. A typical mechanism for obtaining accounting data for managing tax expenditures from financial accounting data using accounting methods is considered. The study of management accounting methods in relation to the tax burden of the enterprise has influenced the search for new forms of evaluation of the results of accounting for tax expenditures in order to apply them in the analysis of tax costs. The existence of interrelation between accounting entries, which reflect the accrual of taxes in financial accounting, with the analytical features of management tax accounting. As a result of the use of accounts and double entry, the information resource obtained on the basis of primary documents is sent to an independent system of administrative accounts.

Kajian Pengenaan Biaya dalam Penggunaan Barang Milik Negara

Civil servants have rights to get some facilities among them is the use the state assets. State assets that can be used by civil servants are state houses and state vehicles. The use of the state facilities have some requirement, like position on the organization. However, there are some binding conditions between the state and civil servants who use state assets in the form of rights and obligations in the use of the state assets. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between these rules to form a complete understanding about the use of state assets as civil servant facilities by statute approach of normative research. The results of this research show that there is provision in the rules of the use of state assets about costs inccured in use of state assets like maintenance costs, operational costs, and tax costs. There are overlapping regulations that make the implementation of the management of state assets ineffective, such as the terminology of state house permission that is not recognized in PUPR minister regulation. Pegawai Negeri Sipil berhak memperoleh fasilitas salah satu diantaranya adalah penggunaan Barang Milik Negara. Barang Milik Negara yang dapat digunakan oleh Pegawai Negeri Sipil yaitu rumah negara dan kendaraan bermotor milik negara dengan syarat tertentu. Namun terdapat juga syarat yang mengikat antara negara dan Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang menggunakan aset negara berupa hak dan kewajiban dalam penggunaan aset negara tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti keterkaitan peraturan-peraturan tersebut untuk membentuk sebuah pemahaman yang utuh mengenai penggunaan Barang Milik Negara sebagai fasilitas bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai penggunaan Barang Milik Negara terdapat pengaturan mengenai biaya-biaya yang timbul dalam penggunaannya yaitu biaya pemeliharaan, biaya operasional, dan biaya pajak atas Barang Milik Negara. Adanya tumpang tindih peraturan yang membuat pelaksanaan pengelolaan barang milik negara menjadi tidak efektif antara lain adanya terminologi izin pemakaian rumah negara yang tidak terdapat dalam Peraturan Menteri PUPR.

Tax Burden on Professional Yachting in Greece and other European Countries

This paper examines the tax approach of yachting in Greece and in other European countries such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, which have a long tradition in this field, as well as Croatia and Slovenia which are neighbouring and competitive countries towards Greece. According to recent surveys there have been indications that there has been a decline in yachting development in recent years, which is in sharp contrast to the comparative benefits that Greece has in this field.With this in mind there has been a survey carried out to show whether the prevailing situation is the result not only of the financial crisis but also of the taxes imposed by the state. The results of the survey have come about by studying and comparing the tax approach of the countries mentioned above, along with an example of the main tax costs in each country as compared with the Greek taxation taking into consideration Professional yachting.A general result is that Professional yachting has not been affected to such a degree by high taxation, but by the complexity that governs it along with the fact that the laws which have already been passed are not implemented.