Busy and confused? High risk of missed alerts in the cockpit: an electrophysiological study

Of evolutionary importance, the ability to react to unexpected auditory stimuli remains critical today, especially in settings such as aircraft cockpits or air traffic control towers, characterized by high mental and auditory loads. Evidences show that both factors can negatively impact auditory attention and prevent appropriate reactions in hazardous situations. In the present study, sixty participants performed a simulated aviation task, varying in terms of mental load (no, low, high mental load), that was embedded with a concurrent tone detection paradigm, in which auditory load was manipulated by the number of different tones (1, 2 or 3). We measured both detection performance (miss, false alarm) and brain activity (event-related potentials) related to the target tone. Our results showed that both mental and auditory loads affected tone detection performance. Importantly, their combined effects had a massive impact on the percentage of missed target tones. While, in the no mental load condition, miss rate was very low with 1 (0.53%) and 2 tones (1.11%), it increased drastically with 3 tones (24.44%), and this effect was accentuated as mental load increased, yielding to the higher miss rate in the 3-tone paradigm under high mental load conditions (68.64%). Increased mental load, auditory load, and miss rate, were all associated with disrupted brain response to the target tone as showed by reductions of the P3b amplitude. In sum, our results highlight the importance of balancing mental and auditory loads to maintain or improve efficient reactions to alarms in complex environment.

Implementation of Automatic Door Hand Code at PT. Medan Sugar Industry

The automatic door system is a system that is used to help human performance where this system uses hand-code collected from a set of data taken by using a camera in the form of an image. Therefore the researchers conducted research for hand-code recognition in making systems, doors. automatic. use skin tone detection and overall projection to recognize human hand codes, then convert them to binary "1" and "0" forms. The process is to use a web camera to automatically take a picture in the palm of someone's hand, then extract the feature by getting the important features from hand-code based on hand position. Perform tracking and projection integration to get the handheld functionality you need. So, it can be used to open and close doors automatically.

Correlation and Reliability of Behavioral and Otoacoustic-Emission Estimates of Contralateral Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Strength in Humans

The roles of the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) in human hearing have been widely investigated but remain controversial. We reason that this may be because the effects of MOCR activation on cochlear mechanical responses can be assessed only indirectly in healthy humans, and the different methods used to assess those effects possibly yield different and/or unreliable estimates. One aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between three methods often employed to assess the strength of MOCR activation by contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS). We measured tone detection thresholds (N = 28), click-evoked otoacoustic emission (CEOAE) input/output (I/O) curves (N = 18), and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) I/O curves (N = 18) for various test frequencies in the presence and the absence of CAS (broadband noise of 60 dB SPL). As expected, CAS worsened tone detection thresholds, suppressed CEOAEs and DPOAEs, and horizontally shifted CEOAE and DPOAE I/O curves to higher levels. However, the CAS effect on tone detection thresholds was not correlated with the horizontal shift of CEOAE or DPOAE I/O curves, and the CAS-induced CEOAE suppression was not correlated with DPOAE suppression. Only the horizontal shifts of CEOAE and DPOAE I/O functions were correlated with each other at 1.5, 2, and 3 kHz. A second aim was to investigate which of the methods is more reliable. The test–retest variability of the CAS effect was high overall but smallest for tone detection thresholds and CEOAEs, suggesting that their use should be prioritized over the use of DPOAEs. Many factors not related with the MOCR, including the limited parametric space studied, the low resolution of the I/O curves, and the reduced numbers of observations due to data exclusion likely contributed to the weak correlations and the large test–retest variability noted. These findings can help us understand the inconsistencies among past studies and improve our understanding of the functional significance of the MOCR.

Lexical and grammatical features of Internet reviews in the Russian and English languages

The article presents an analysis of English and Russian-language Internet reviews of hotels in different countries and cities. The main purpose of the study is to identify the specific features of reviews in two languages in order to formulate clear criteria for automatic determining the tone of the text. On the basis of the existing works of linguists in this field, the author has identified the main directions of research on various issues related to the specifics of Internet reviews. Among others, gender and language specificity of reviews were noted, regardless of comparing their characteristics in two unrelated languages. The research undertaken focuses on the basic means of expressing positive, negative, or neutral tones in two languages, which is an interdisciplinary problem that combines work on the issues of selecting tone criteria for automatic text processing, as well as linguistic problems of language specificity of reviews, allowing to identify the main parameters for automatic tone detection on the basis of the most frequent specific features. The main results of the study are specific distinguishing features of English- and Russian-language reviews, the general and the particular in their characteristics. The most active means involved in the formation of a review are the frequent use of genre-specific lexemes, especially with positive or negative emotional and expressive coloring, combining words in a sentence, the role of negation, grammatical forms of verbs, the use of quantitative adverbs, adjectives in the superlative degree, etc.