Parameter-robust Uzawa-type iterative methods for double saddle point problems arising in Biot’s consolidation and multiple-network poroelasticity models

This work is concerned with the iterative solution of systems of quasi-static multiple-network poroelasticity equations describing flow in elastic porous media that is permeated by single or multiple fluid networks. Here, the focus is on a three-field formulation of the problem in which the displacement field of the elastic matrix and, additionally, one velocity field and one pressure field for each of the [Formula: see text] fluid networks are the unknown physical quantities. Generalizing Biot’s model of consolidation, which is obtained for [Formula: see text], the MPET equations for [Formula: see text] exhibit a double saddle point structure. The proposed approach is based on a framework of augmenting and splitting this three-by-three block system in such a way that the resulting block Gauss–Seidel preconditioner defines a fully decoupled iterative scheme for the flux-, pressure-, and displacement fields. In this manner, one obtains an augmented Lagrangian Uzawa-type method, the analysis of which is the main contribution of this work. The parameter-robust uniform linear convergence of this fixed-point iteration is proved by showing that its rate of contraction is strictly less than one independent of all physical and discretization parameters. The theoretical results are confirmed by a series of numerical tests that compare the new fully decoupled scheme to the very popular partially decoupled fixed-stress split iterative method, which decouples only flow — the flux and pressure fields remain coupled in this case — from the mechanics problem. We further test the performance of the block-triangular preconditioner defining the new scheme when used to accelerate the generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) algorithm.

In search of a moneymaking machine: Discourses on policy towards fashion in Finland

Recently, fashion has become a target for political considerations and ‘strategic governmentalization’ in such countries as Denmark, Australia and New Zealand, among others. The Finnish government has also paid attention to fashion. This research uses the concept of ‘governmentality’ as a form of power with the purpose to understand how fashion is governed in a contemporary western society. Taking Finland as a site of fieldwork, this research shows how various governmental and non-governmental actors, aligned in fluid networks, produce policy for fashion, what rationalities lay behind their actions and what kind of dilemmas they have to address.