Urban Topology of Car-Free Cities

New technological and automobile discoveries of the 1900s have transformed man's life. Modernism hasn't just brought institutional and sociological evolution in human society but has also brought cultural change. Industrialization and the automobile revolution have made man dependent on machines, and the influence is reflected in his ecosystem. Cities grew to accommodate automobiles, and today, car dominance is affecting the urban environment in terms of health and social interaction in urban open spaces. The car-free city is a new concept that every city has to adopt for a better tomorrow. The study focuses on different topological parameters of car-free cities and identifies different parameters to be considered while developing a conceptual framework towards a car-free urban environment.