Automated Synthesis of Social Laws in STRIPS

Agents operating in a multi-agent environment must consider not just their actions, but also those of the other agents in the system. Artificial social systems are a well-known means for coordinating a set of agents, without requiring centralized planning or online negotiation between agents. Artificial social systems enact a social law which restricts the agents from performing some actions under some circumstances. A robust social law prevents the agents from interfering with each other, but does not prevent them from achieving their goals. Previous work has addressed how to check if a given social law, formulated in a variant of ma-strips, is robust, via compilation to planning. However, the social law was manually specified. In this paper, we address the problem of automatically synthesizing a robust social law for a given multi-agent environment. We treat the problem of social law synthesis as a search through the space of possible social laws, relying on the robustness verification procedure as a goal test. We also show how to exploit additional information produced by the robustness verification procedure to guide the search.

Online Negotiation Process, Liquidation and Settlement in KARVY Stock Broking

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Evaluation of Haptic Interaction in Intercultural Online Negotiation

In this study, we bring haptic technology into an online negotiation system to improve the method of conveying nonverbal information. Our goal is to verify the effectiveness of haptic interaction in communication between Japanese and Chinese participants. We conducted online negotiation experiments with and without haptic interaction. We classified Chinese participants according to their Japanese levels, and analyzed characteristics of their haptic interaction. Results of the questionnaire we administered implied that in negotiations with haptic interaction, the expression of emotion and the sense of presence were improved compared to those without haptic interaction. Results of Japanese – Chinese pairs showed haptic interaction to be of higher importance to Chinese than the Japanese pairs. For participants who lacked linguistic ability, haptic interaction still showed usefulness in experiments. We concluded from these results that haptic interaction during intercultural online negotiation was effective for intercultural users.