Impact of Covid-19 on asthmatic patients in Western region in Saudi Arabia

Background: Respiratory symptoms are a characteristic feature present in covid-19 patients, and they usually range from mild to severe. Asthma is a chronic disease involving the airways that carry air in and out of the lungs. However, there is limited resources that discuss the relation between asthma and prevalence of COVID-19. Aims: Identify the impact of covid19 on asthmatic patients. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted to study the impact of COVID-19 on asthmatic patients, which was conducted using a prepared questionnaire which was distributed online among 300 patients with asthma. After collecting the data, MS Excel was used for data entry while SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Results: In this study, we were able to collect data from 311 asthmatic patients in response to our questionnaire. Most of the asthmatic patients were females (67.2%) with a ratio of females: males of 2:1. Moreover, most patients thought that they control their asthma well and only 13.5 % indicated that they had frequent emergency visits because of asthma. The prevalence of COVID-19 in asthmatic patients was 64.3 % where a third of patients needed to go to hospital because of their bad condition, 12.6 % needed to be hospitalized in ICU and 56.4 % needed oxygen. Moreover, severity of COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes are related to the control of asthma where better control of asthma was associated with better outcomes including lower need for ICU admission and oxygen need. Conclusion: Prevalence of COVID-19 in asthmatic patients was much higher than the general population especially in female patients aged between 31-40 years old. Moreover, COVID-19 had more severe outcomes in asthmatic patients including higher prevalence of ICU admission and oxygen need. Poorer outcomes of COVID-19 were associated with poor control of asthma. Key words: Asthma, Covid-19, Western Region, Saudi Arabia

HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN STATUS KONTROL PASIEN ASMA DI RSUD KOTA MATARAM TAHUN 2019

Latar Belakang: Asma merupakan salah satu masalah utama baik di negara maju dan negera berkembang. Pada tahun 2017 angka kejadian asma di berbagai negara sekitar 1-18% dan diperkirakan sebanyak 300 juta penduduk di dunia menderita asma menurut Global Initiatif for Astma (GINA). Kejadian asma dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor diantaranya usia, jenis kelamin, perokok aktif maupun pasif, genetik, Indeks massa tubuh (IMT. Penurunan faal paru dapat diakibatkan IMT berlebih kurang sehingga meningkatkan terjadinya asma. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan salah satu faktor pejamu penyebab asma yang dapat di modifikasi karena reversibel. Seseorang dengan IMT berlebih (over-weight-obesitas) maupun IMT kurang (underweight) cenderung memiliki perubahan pada sistem tubuh yang menimbulkan perburukan pada asma sehingga menjadi tidak terkontrol. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan indek massa tubuh dengan status kontrol pasien asma di RSUD Kota Mataram Tahun 2019. IMT bersifat Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analitik observasional, dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien asma yang menjalani rawat jalan di RSUD Kota Mataram 2019. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 118 orang. Analisis data menggunakan rank spearman. Hasil: Hasil analisis menggunakan Rank Spearmen didapatkan nilai p-value 0,000 (p-value 0,05), yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara IMT dengan status kontrol pasien asma di RSUD Kota Mataram tahun 2019. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan status kontrol pasien asma di RSUD Kota Mataram tahun 2019.Kata Kunci: Indeks Massa Tubuh, Status Kontrol, Asma. ABSTRACTBackground: Asthma is one of the main problems in both developed and developing countries. In 2017 the prevalence of asthma incidence in various countries was around 1-18% and an estimated 300 million people in the world suffer from asthma according to the Global Initiatif for Astma (GINA). The asthma incidence influenced by many factors. These factors include age, sex, active and passive smoker, genetics, body mass index (BMI). Decreased lung function can be caused by excess BMI and low BMI which increases the asthma insidence. Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the factors of host that caused asthma can be modified because they were reversible. A person with an over-weight-obesity and underweight BMI tends was have changes in the body's systems that worsen asthma so that becomes uncontrollable. Purpose: Knowing the correlation between body mass index and control status of asthma patients at RSUD Kota Mataram in 2019. Methods: This reseacrh was an observational analytic study, with a cross sectional design. The data source used in this study is secondary data from the medical records of asthma patients who was undergoing outpatient care at the Mataram City Hospital 2019. Data was collected from 118 samples. Data analysis used rank spearman. Results There is a correlation between Body Mass Index and the control status of asthma patients at Mataram City Hospital in 2019. Key Words: Asthma, body mass index, asthma control status.Key Words: body mass index, control status, asthma.

CURRENT DIAGNOSING OF ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

O. O. Rechkina Abstract Underdiagnosis and late diagnosis of asthma in children remain the topical problem of current world and local pediatrics, especially in primary medical care. Considering recent literature data, the author has presented the latest recommendations on timely diagnosis of asthma in children. The causes of underdiagnosis of the disease, terminology difficulties, risk of asthma progression development have been reviewed. Based on 2021 European Respiratory Society recommendations the key criteria of asthma diagnosis in children of different age have been listed. Key words: asthma in children, risk criteria, diagnosis

Phytochemistry and method preparation of some medicinal plants used to treat asthma-review

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in the present day in which its incidence and severity are increasing. It is highly prevalent global disease; affecting approximately 300 million individuals worldwide. Different medicinal plants have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices for the treatment of asthma in different part of the world since prehistoric times. The aim of this review article is to explore and compile the ethno medicinal uses, phytochemistry and method of preparation of commonly used medicinal plants for the management of asthma in Ethiopia. A comprehensive and systematic web-based search of full length experimental, ethno-botanical and ethno medicinal survey articles from scientific database like Pub Med, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar, were undertaken using key words: asthma, medicinal plants, ethno-botanical, herbal, phytochemistry so as to document this review article. About 23 medicinal plants like Papilionaceae, Caricaceae, Moringaceae, Liliaceae, Asteraceae etc. were found among the most common used medicinal plants in the society for the treatment of asthma. A good number of contemporary medicines have evolved from traditional medicines thus in the present circumstances, our traditional system must be given an objective and critical examination. Further research must be carried out to determine the fraction(s)/compounds that are mostly responsible for the observed anti-asthmatic activity as this will lead to drug development. As well, the potency of plants used in combination as beside being used individually should be further researched. It is recommended that further research is needed to anti-asthmatic plants and standardization of herbal formulations/preparations and to determine their side effect, efficacy, safety etc.

Complementary therapeutic approaches in asthma

Asthma is defined by The Initiative for Asthma (GINA 2018) as a heterogeneous disease, which include chronic airway inflammation and a history of respiratory symptoms. In the last decades asthma had a rise in prevalence, becoming one of the most frequent diagnosed diseases in the world. The main goals of asthma management are to achieve good symptom control, minimize the risks of exacerbations, decrease rescue medication intake, improve the quality of life by decreasing respiratory system inflammation and ameliorating the patient’s lung function. Beside effective medications, asthma continues to impair quality of life for most patients. Due to the difficulty of controlling symptoms and exacerbations, the need of developing complementary options of treatment is increasing in order to achieve an optimum control and a lower risk of acute episodes or fatal events. Pulmonary rehabilitation is suggested for asthma patients when adequate medical therapy poorly control the symptoms and mental, physical or social consequences of illness persist during the daily life. The following non-drug therapy components are included in the rehabilitation program: physical training, comprehensive smoking cessation program, comprehensive patient education, respiratory physiotherapy, psychosocial support and comprehensive nutritional counseling. These complementary therapies have been proven to improve muscle strength, exercise capacity and symptomatology. Also, it has been associated to fewer exacerbations and a lower use of rescue medication, leading to a better quality of life. Key words: asthma, quality of life, symptomatology, rehabilitation, physiotherapy,

Children with Obesity and Asthma: Which Are the Best Options for Their Management?

Obesity and asthma are complex disorders related to gene-environment interactions and various lifestyle factors. At present, they represent two of the most significant paediatric health problems worldwide, particularly in industrialized nations. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate possible therapeutic strategies to manage asthma in children with overweight/obesity. PubMed was used to search for all of the studies published from January 2008 to June 2018 using the following key words: “asthma” and “overweight” or “obesity” or “obese” and “children” or “paediatric”. The literature review showed that growing evidence underlines the existence of an “obese asthma” phenotype characterised by difficult-to-control asthma with additional symptoms, worse control, more frequent and severe exacerbations, reduced response to inhaled corticosteroids, and lower quality of life than other phenotypes. Currently, therapeutic strategies centred on prevention are suggested and the development of resources to assist families with weight loss strategies seems useful for effective weight control and optimal asthma management. Studies on vitamin D supplementation and further knowledge are needed to better define the best therapeutic options to manage asthma in children with overweight/obesity and to reduce the onset and severity of this chronic respiratory disease through the design of a multifactorial intervention.

Asthma and dental erosion

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airway, characterised by the presence of airflow obstruction which is variable over short periods of time, or is reversible with treatment. Medication comprises of bronchodilators, corticosteroids and anticholinergic drugs. Most asthma drugs are inhaled using various forms of inhalers or nebulizers. Inhaled drugs must be used regularly. The effects of these drugs on the dentition such as tooth decay and erosion have been a subject of debate among dental practitioners. Asthmatic medications can place the patient at risk of dental erosion by reducing salivary protection against extrinsic or intrinsic acids. Asthmatic individuals are one of the higher risk groups suffering from dental erosion. Therefore patients with bronchial asthma should receive special prophylactic attention. This article presents a case of an asthmatic with dental manifestations and reviews the possible causes and management of the same. Key words: Asthma, dry powder inhalers, beta-2 agonist, gastro-esophageal reflux, dental erosion. doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i3.1714 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 3, Issue 23, 370-374

Allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic diseases: Bangladesh perspective

Bangladesh is a developing country with 150 million population. About 20 to 25% of population is suffering from different types of allergic disorder. Few studies were carried out on asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic conditions in Bangladesh. There are many indoor, outdoor, occupational and food allergens that trigger allergy. More over many pollutants, allergens are still unidentified in the poor and developing countries due to fund constrains for research activities. In addition to multiple known and unknown allergens, over population, un-hygienic living, poverty, lack of education and awareness, negligence to take treatment leads to increasing incidence of these diseases. Diagnostic facilities are yet depending on history and clinical examination for majority of our patients. Skin prick tests and IgE estimation are not available outside capital Dhaka as well as these are expensive too. Majority of our population can't afford them. Asthma and allergies are affecting the quality of life that has impact on national economy and development a lot. Treatment modalities and drugs available with the costs in our country are discussed. More evidence based studies and dissemination of ARIA, WHO and other guidelines to health professionals will be needed to improve the situation. Key words: Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, Atopic DermatitisDOI: 10.3329/bjo.v14i2.3284 Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology 2008; 14(2) : 66-70