EFFECT OF KIDNEY DISEASE ON THE MORTALITY OF COVID POSITIVE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, INDIA

INTRODUCTION: CKD and kidney failure are signicant comorbidities associated with unfavourable outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Patients with CKD/kidney failure also have a disproportionate burden of other comorbidities 1 (e.g., coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) associated with more severe presentations of COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently triggers a massive release of proinammatory cytokines and may induce coagulation abnormalities that increase the risk of 2 cardiovascular events and multiorgan dysfunction. MATERIALS & METHODS: It is a retrospective study done in government general hospital Vijayawada from patients admitted with covid positive status having comorbidities, with the help of medical records department, done during 1st April 2020 to 31st March 2021. RESULTS : Out of 150 patients who had a renal abnormality, 40 (27%)had AKI, 110 ( 73%) had CKD, and of these patients, 96( 64%) patients underwent dialysis, 54( 36%) patients did not undergo dialysis, having high mortality mainly in patients having CKD than AKI. Compared to patients with comorbidity without renal abnormality and patients with renal abnormalities, the mortality was high in the later group of patients. CONCLUSION: There is a signicant effect of kidney disease on mortality in covid positive patients. Patients having CKD will have higher mortality compared with AKI. Even though the mortality was seen in patients having comorbidities without renal involvement, mortality was much higher in patients with renal involvement.

Minor dysmorphic features in a patient with papillorenal syndrome – A Case Report

Papillorenal syndrome, also known as renal coloboma syndrome, is characterised by congenital optic disc anomalies and renal abnormality. The syndrome causes mutations in the PAX2 gene, which plays a critical role in embryogenesis. Other related anomalies are less commonly observed. To our knowledge, ours is the first case reported in the literature in which Papillorenal syndrome accompanied various dysmorphic features. Keywords: Renal coloboma syndrome; PAX2-related disorder; coloboma of optic nerve, multicystic dysplastic kidney; eye abnormalities Continuous...

Prevalence of PKD1 gene mutation in cats in Turkey and pathogenesis of feline polycystic kidney disease

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common hereditary diseases in cats, with high prevalence in Persian and Persian-related cats. PKD is caused mainly by an inherited autosomal dominant (AD) mutation, and animals may be asymptomatic for years. We screened 16 cats from various breeds exhibiting a renal abnormality by ultrasound examination and genotyped them for the c.10063C>A transversion on exon 29 of the polycystin-1 ( PKD1) gene, by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Among these cats, a Siamese nuclear family of 4 cats with ancestral hereditary renal failure were screened by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to determine novel variations in genes associated with both AD and autosomal recessive PKD in humans. During the study period, one cat died as a result of renal failure and was forwarded for autopsy. Additionally, we screened 294 cats asymptomatic for renal disease (Angora, Van, Persian, Siamese, Scottish Fold, Exotic Shorthair, British Shorthair, and mixed breeds) to determine the prevalence of the mutation in cats in Turkey. Ten of the symptomatic and 2 of the asymptomatic cats carried the heterozygous C → A transversion, indicating a prevalence of 62.5% and 0.68%, respectively. In the WGS analysis of 4 cats in the Siamese nuclear family, novel variations were determined in the fibrocystin gene ( PKHD1), which was not compatible with dominant inheritance of PKD.

MPGN Type 3 Associated with Pemphigus Herpetiformis Mimicking PGNMID and Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A 45-year-old man suffering from dermal blistering disease with proteinuria and hematuria underwent renal biopsy. The renal biopsy specimen suggested proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits under routine light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The staining for IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2) and κ/λ light chain indicated secondary immune complex type MPGN type 3. The patient had been diagnosed as having dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), a phenotype of gluten hypersensitivity prior to the appearance of the renal abnormality. Although common autoantibodies might be related to the pathogenesis of disorders in the skin and kidney, DH is mainly driven by IgA autoantibody, while MPGN is induced by IgG immune complexes. IgA was not observed in the glomeruli by immunofluorescence. Neither the examination for DH specific autoantibodies nor HLA-DQB1 genotype supported the diagnosis of DH. Reassessment of the skin biopsy record revealed that the blister was localized in the epidermis, suggesting pemphigus herpetiformis by IgG class anti-epidermal autoantibody, which also affected the renal disorder.

Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infections are important because they may be caused by a structural renal abnormality, diagnosis of which may prevent further renal damage. The importance of collection of the sample and its analysis is vital to prevent unnecessary invasive investigations.

Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic unilateral complete duplication of ureter during total laparoscopic hysterectomy

<p>Duplication of ureter is one of the common renal abnormality frequently encountered by gynaecologist during surgeries. It occurs in approximately 1% of the population. We are reporting a case of asymptomatic unilateral (left) double ureter which was incidentally diagnosed during Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy as it is important to know the developmental anatomy of ureter and its anatomical variants. A gynaecologist should know about the clinical significance of it as well to avoid injury to ureter during hysterectomies which is the commonly performed gynaecological surgery worldwide.</p>