DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING A FASTENING BASED ON OXIDIZED STARCH AND SYNTHETIC WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS

In the article results of suitable the technology of reception of thickeners for use at stuffing of fabrics on the basis of natural and synthetic polymers received from local source of raw materials are shown. As have shown results of researches, use of polymeric systems on the basis of the oxidised starch as thickener leads to improvement operational and coloristic characteristics of stuffed fabrics.

Effectiveness of Mushroom (Pleurotus Pulmonarius) Waste as Natural Coagulant for Kaolin Synthetic Water via Coagulation-Flocculation Process

Coagulation-flocculation process is a widely used method in water treatment. In this study, mushroom waste was selected as natural coagulant to treat kaolin synthetic water via coagulation-flocculation process. Rotten mushroom and mushroom spent were evaluated separately. Functional group of mushroom wastes were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Optimum dosage and pH of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment were examined through jar testing. A comparative study on the effectiveness of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment was evaluated in terms of turbidity removal percentage and sludge volume index. Results obtained from jar testing show rotten mushroom and mushroom spent achieved turbidity removal efficiency of 99.73% and 99.25% respectively at optimal pH of 4 and optimal dosage of 5 mg/L whereas 99.91% of turbidity was eliminated by alum under optimum condition of pH 9 and dosage 25 mg/L. Under optimized condition, sludge volume index value obtained by rotten mushroom, mushroom spent and alum were 37.38 mL/g, 40.34 mL/g and 51.58 mL/g respectively. Overall, the finding indicated that mushroom waste could be a potential alternative to chemical coagulant since they are environmentally friendly, effective in turbidity removal, producing less sludge and pH independent.

Structural and mechanical properties of new sizing compositions based on natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers

In the article results of studying specific structurally-mechanical properties new developed sizing compositions on the basis of сorn starch and water-soluble synthetic polymeric preparations such as K-4 and uniflock made in Company "Navoiazot" are given. It is established that, introduction in starch pastes acrylates leads to increase coefficient of thixotropic restoration, i.e. to increase of speed relaxation processes.

Self forming dynamic membrane filtration for drinking water treatment

Lab-scale continuous operation of self forming MF and UF dynamic membranes were investigated simultaneously by applying iron oxide as an alternative treatment option in those waters having natural organic matter (NOM), iron and manganese. Both dynamic membranes gave high removal rates and effluent concentrations of pollutants were below the limit values in synthetic water. 60–62% of DOC and 75–78% of UV254 were removed in low DOC synthetic water (LS) by MF and UF dynamic membranes, respectively. Although only 42–49% of DOC and 48–53% of UV254 could be removed by MF and UF dynamic membranes, remarkable effect on fouling alleviation was observed in high DOC synthetic water (HS). Iron oxide did not enhance the removal of organic matter in low DOC natural water (LN) as much as it did in synthetic water. Iron oxide led to the removal of high molecular weight organics, thus reversible fouling reduced almost 2 orders of magnitude through both types of dynamic membranes in high DOC natural water (HN). Reversible and ireversibe resistances were reduced by iron oxide to some extent in LN. Nevertheless the effect of iron oxide on fouling alleviation was much higher in HN than LN.

Heavy Metal and Fluoride Removal from Synthetic Water Treated with Dhava (Anogeissus Latifolia Wall.) Bark Ash

Being a universal solvent, water is a major source of contamination. According to the World Summit of Sustainable Development, the major reason for lack of safe water is either scarcity of water or contamination of water sources. The quality of water is vital concern for the man kind as it is directly linked with human welfare. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the Jala Shodhana properties of Dhava (Anogeissus latifolia Wall.) stem bark ash. Material and method: Authentification and collection of Dhava bark was done from renowned source. Dhava bark was calcinated in Muffle furnace and used for the further study. The filter was prepared by using sand, gravel and Dhava bark ash. Synthetic water sample prepared by adding Arsenic trioxide, lead acetate, Calcium fluoride and Mercury-II Sulfate. This synthetic water was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, to know the percent removal of Heavy metals and fluoride after the treatment by Dhava bark ash filtering apparatus. Result- The Dhava stem bark (filtering apparatus) shows significant result in removal of mercury (99.8%), lead (99.9%), Arsenic (34.18%) and Fluoride (57.05%) from water. Discussion: The present study was undertaken to assess the efficiency and pollution reduction potential of sand intermittent filtration technology in term of heavy metal. Filtration can be compared to a sieve or micro-strainer that traps suspended material between grains of filter media In this present research work efforts have been made to develop a low cost and low maintenance model of Bio-sand intermittent filtration for treatment of Dushita Jala. (BIO= Stem bark of Anogessious latifolia). Conclusion: This study proves the statement of Acharya Sushruta about Jala shodhana properties of Dhava described in Kalpa sthana Tritiya Adhyaya. Therefore our study will leads to the development of Bio-sand filter which is cost-effective without chemical operation and environmental friendly technology for water and waste water treatment.

Simultaneous removal of lead and copper from synthetic water by electrocoagulation and techno-economic evaluation: optimization through response surface methodology

In the present study, the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes was used to treat synthetic water containing lead and copper. Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology was applied to optimize the process variables namely initial pH, current density and treatment time along with operating cost. At optimum conditions (initial pH: 5, current density: 50 A/m2, treatment time: 40 min), the model predicted value for removal of lead and copper was found as 102.81% and 99.75%, respectively with an operating cost of 0.481 USD/m3. Whereas, the actual or experimental values of lead and copper removal were found as 99.98 % and 99.88 % as well as operating cost of 0.476 USD/m3, which signifies a good closeness between the model predicted values and actual values. The concentration of lead and copper in treated water was found below the permissible limits as per CPCB norms for industrial discharge.

Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticle disinfection in water treatment applications: synergy and water quality influences

The synergistic potential of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles for water disinfection was investigated herein. By causing cell death through membrane interactions, oxidative killing, and DNA deactivation, metallic nanoparticles may be integrated with point-of-use water treatment systems for applications in rural and remote geographies. Disinfection efficacy was evaluated in batch-phase experiments under both synthetic and real water conditions, where synthetic water was varied by pH and dissolved oxygen levels. Ceramic pot filters with comparative nanoparticle concentrations were also investigated. In all cases, combinations of silver and zinc nanoparticles resulted in improved disinfection in comparison to either metal in isolation. In batch experiments, dissolved oxygen proved to be particularly impactful, with kinetic rates reducing approximately 45% when in low oxygen environment (<3 mg/L) versus high oxygen (>8 mg/L). Log removal values (LRVs) were further, on average, 31% lower in real water than synthetic water after 300 min, though silver–zinc combinations were still superior to either metal alone. In filters, those impregnated with 67% silver and 33% zinc achieved average LRVs of 2.7 and 2.9 after 60 min of filtration and 24 h of storage, respectively, while those with only silver achieved average LRVs of 2.0 and 3.1 at those same times.