Rainforcement Positif untuk Menurunkan Gejala Impuls Suka Menggangu Teman pada Anak ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) merupakan hambatan pemusatan perhatian disertai kondisi hiperaktif. Gangguan perilaku ini kemudian berdampak pada proses belajar maupun hubungan dengan lingkungan. Akibat yang akan diterima seseorang yang mengalami gangguan ADHD adalah dijauhi oleh lingkungan karena dianggap meresahkan atau mengganggu. Untuk itu dilakukan modifikasi perilaku untuk menurunkan gejala perilaku tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian yaitu metode eksperimen dengan pendekatan study kasus ini adalah dengan memberikan Reiforcement positif agar dapat mengontrol perilaku anak sehingga tidak mengganggu atau menjaili temannya. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 1 orang yang menunjukkan simptom ADHD. Usia subjek 5 tahun. Pengambilan subjek berdasarkan gejala atau simptom yang didapatkan dari hasil observasi dan wawancara serta pengisian lembar behavioral checklist oleh orang tua. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan tes psikologi (BINET, CAT, CBCL). Intervensi yang dilakukan yaitu modifikasi perilaku menggunakan reinforcement positif. Hasil yang didapat adalah subjek mampu mengurangi perilakunya yang suka menjaili temannya, serta subjek mampu bertanggungjawab atas keputusan yang dibuat bersama.

Psychometric Properties of Behavioral Checklist for Coping with Stress in Patients with Mood Disorders

Objective Even though the importance of stress-coping, there is no reliable and valid scale to measure the stress-coping behavior yet. The purpose of this study is to explore the psychometric properties of Behavioral Checklist for Coping with Stress (BCCS).Methods A total of 458 subjects including healthy subjects and patients with bipolar or depressive disorders were analyzed. The reliability and validity of BCCS were examined by Chronbach’s alpha and exploratory factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis. In order to evaluate criterion-related validity, the Pearson’s correlation analyses between factors of BCCS and relevant scales were performed.Results BCCS showed good Chronobach’s alpha (0.695–0.833) and had acceptable validity. Factor 1 and factor 4 of BCCS were negatively correlated with depression, anxiety and positivity correlated with task and problem-solving, avoidance, tension-releasing copings in common. Factor 2 and 3 were positively correlated with impulsivity, emotionality, avoidance, behavioral and verbal aggression and tension-releasing copings in common. Different from factor 2, factor 3 was positively correlated with depression, anxiety and anger-suppression.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that this BCCS might be a reliable and valid scale for measuring stress-coping behaviors. This scale could facilitate research to investigate clinical implications related to behavioral stress-coping.

Rechazo parental y ajuste psicológico infantil: efecto moderador del afecto familiar percibido desde una perspectiva multi-informante

Parental rejection and children’s psychological adjustment: The moderating role of perceived family warmth from a multi-informant perspective.Abstract: This study explores the moderating effect of children’s perceptions about family environment on the relation between parental acceptance and children’s psychological adjustment, from a multi-informant perspective. The sample consisted in 227 triads, father, mother and child from the same family (children’s mean age 12.52, Sd =1.81) divided in two groups based on children’s level of perceived family warmth. Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) was used to assess parental acceptance-rejection, and CBCL (Child Behavioral Checklist) and YSR (Youth Self Report) from Achenbach System were used to assess children’s psychological adjustment. Results showed that relations between parental rejection and adjustment depend on the informant used, and that the subjective perception of the child’s contextual affection moderated the effect of maternal rejection on exteriorized problems informed by the father. The need to include children, mothers, and fathers in the assessment of family relations and children´s psychological adjustment is highlighted.Key words: Multi-informant; parental acceptance-rejection; mother; father: children psychological adjustment.Resumen: El presente trabajo explora el efecto moderador de la percepción de niños y niñas sobre el ambiente familiar, desde una perspectiva multi-informante, en la relación entre rechazo parental y ajuste psicológico infantil. La muestra estuvo constituida por 227 triadas (padre, madre e hijo/a) de la misma familia (edad media de los menores 12.52 DT = 1.81). La aceptación-rechazo parental se evaluó mediante en PARQ (Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire) y el ajuste mediante el CBCL (Child Behavioral Checklist) e YSR (Youth Self-report). Los resultados mostraron diferencias en la asociación entre rechazo parental y ajuste condicionadas por la fuente informante, y que la percepción subjetiva del menor del afecto contextual moderaba el efecto del rechazo materno sobre los problemas exteriorizados informados por el padre. Se destaca la necesidad de incluir tanto a los propios menores como a sus padres y madres en la evaluación de las relaciones familiares y el ajuste psicológico infantil.Palabras clave: Multi-informante; aceptación-rechazo parental; madre; padre; ajuste psicológico infantil.

Übereinstimmung zwischen Eltern und Kind zur kindlichen Psychopathologie und deren Bedeutung für den Therapieerfolg

<b><i>Hintergrund:</i></b> Symptome psychischer Störungen werden von Kindern und Jugendlichen häufig anders als von den Eltern eingeschätzt. Als Einflussfaktoren für diese Urteilsdiskrepanzen im externalisierenden und internalisierenden Symptombereich werden kindliches Geschlecht und Alter untersucht. Zudem wird der prädiktive Wert der Diskrepanz für den wahrgenommenen Therapieerfolg analysiert. <b><i>Methode:</i></b> Kinder und Jugendliche (<i>n</i> = 271, 10–21 Jahre) in ambulanter Psychotherapie sowie Eltern gaben Auskunft über den Youth Self Report (YSR) und die Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL). <b><i>Ergebnisse:</i></b> Neben einer grundsätzlich guten Übereinstimmung zwischen Eltern und Kind berichten Eltern über mehr psychische Symptome als die davon betroffenen Kinder. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt die von den Kindern selbstberichtete externalisierende Symptomatik an. Mädchen geben mehr internalisierende Symptome als Jungen an. Ein hoher elterlicher Baselinewert (prä-Therapie) zur kindlichen externalisierenden Symptomatik sagt einen höheren Elternbericht nach Abschluss der Psychotherapie des Kindes vorher. Kinder berichten nach der Psychotherapie mehr Symptome, wenn Uneinigkeit zwischen Eltern und Kindern bezüglich der internalisierenden Symptomatik prä-Therapie besteht sowie eine hohe kindberichtete externalisierende bzw. elternberichtete internalisierende Symptomatik berichtet wird. <b><i>Schlussfolgerung:</i></b> Insgesamt zeigen sich einzelne Faktoren prädiktiv für die Symptomatik post-Therapie, jedoch die Eltern-Kind Urteilsdiskrepanz nur in geringem Maß. Beeinflussende Faktoren wie Alter und Geschlecht sollten in zukünftigen Studien standardmäßig aufgenommen werden.

The Development of a Behavior Checklist for Mentally Tough Behaviors in Volleyball

Mental toughness is a factor related to performance, better coping, and increased confidence. There has been a growing trend toward assessing mental toughness behaviorally. The purpose of this paper was to develop a behavioral assessment of mental toughness in volleyball. Following a five-stage process to develop a systematic observation instrument, the current study identified 10 mental toughness behaviors in volleyball, specifically, six behaviors occurring during a play and four behaviors after a play (i.e., when a point is scored from the opposing team). Furthermore, eight behaviors represent mentally tough actions, while two behaviors represent mentally weak actions. The results indicate that the behavioral checklist is a reliable systematic observation instrument. Coaches and certified mental performance consultants can benefit from using this checklist by discussing mental toughness and behaviors corresponding to mental toughness during game play, and then have a quantifiable way to track behaviors with individuals and volleyball teams.

Effects of Aggressive Movies on Children’s Aggressive Behaviour

This study was about effects of aggressive movies on children’s aggressive behaviour. Forty (40) pupils were randomly selected from Korle Abansoro Primary School, Koforidua, Eastern Ghana, to participate in the study. An adapted version of peer nomination instrument for aggression designed by Crick & Grotpeter in 1995 was used to acquire the data. Half the participants watched an aggressive movie while the other half watched non-aggressive movie for thirty minutes each after which the participants were assessed using the aggressive behavioral checklist or scale. The independent ‘t’ test was used to analyze the results. Two of the hypotheses were confirmed while the other two were rejected. This indicated that children who watched an aggressive movie exhibited more aggressive behavior than children who watched non-aggressive movie and males were not more aggressive than females. Two of the findings were consistent with previous findings. The implication of these results was discussed.

Peningkatan harga diri melalui layanan bimbingan dan konseling individu

Fostered women are more vulnerable to psychological problems than fostered men. One psychological problem that is usually experienced by inmates is low self-esteem. one solution to improve self-esteem can be done through Islamic counseling services.The purpose of devotion-based research is to determine the effectiveness of Islamic counseling in increasing the self-esteem of the target people. The approach used in this research is Participatory Action Research. respondents involved in this study were all members of the Sigli Penitentiary Class III Prison Society. the results of the study found an increase in self-esteem in fostered citizens marked by the emergence of 5 of 7 aspects based on behavioral checklist indicators that are realistic, aware of strengths and weaknesses, aware of the position as a creature of God, assertive and independent.

Meningkatkan Kemandirian Anak melalui Pembelajaran Metode Montessori

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemandirian anak setelah penerapan pembelajaran metode Montessori di Bright Star Makassar School. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain pretest-posttest one group dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak lima belas anak. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa skala observasi kemandirian (behavioral checklist pada kemandirian anak) dengan model skala likert dan guide interview. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistic non parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasilnya menunjukkan p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), artinya penerapan metode Montessori signifikan meningkatkan kemandirian anak di Bright Star Makassar School. Keseluruhan sampel dalam penelitian ini semakin mandiri setelah diterapkan pembelajaran menggunakan metode Montessori dan tidak ada satu anak pun yang tidak mengalami kemajuan kemandirian. Begitu pula berdasarkan data statistik deskriptif ditemukan adanya perbedaan rata-rata skor kemandirian sebelum dengan rata-rata skor kemandirian sesudah perlakuan pembelajaran menggunakan metode Montessori. Penelitian ini membuktikan kemandirian anak dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran metode Montessori.