Urine Alarms and Prompts for Fostering Daytime Urinary Continence in a Student with Multiple Disabilities: A Replication Study

The study evaluated a treatment approach based on urine-alarm signals and staff prompts to foster daytime urinary continence of a student with multiple disabilities. Reinforcement was used for urination in the toilet. The study alternated two baseline with two treatment phases. A 3-mo. follow-up also occurred. The student became almost totally free from large urinary accidents, replacing them with self-initiated toileting and small accidents (wetting only a disposable tissue), and retained his improvement over time. Implications of the findings were discussed.