Semi-lattice of varieties of quasigroups with linearity

A σ-parastrophe of a class of quasigroups A is a class σA of all σ-parastrophes of quasigroups from A. A set of all pairwise parastrophic classes is called a parastrophic orbit or a truss. A parastrophically closed semi-lattice of classes is a bunch. A linearity bunch is a set of varieties which contains the variety of all left linear quasigroups, the variety of all left alinear quasigroups, all their parastrophes and all their intersections. It contains 14 varieties, which are distributed into six parastrophic orbits. All quasigroups from these varieties are called dilinear. To obtain all varieties from the bunch, concepts of middle linearity and middle alinearity are introduced. A well-known identity or a system of identities which describes a variety from every parastrophic orbit of the bunch is cited. An algorithm for obtaining identities which describe all varieties from the parastrophic orbits is given. Examples of quasigroups distinguishing one variety from the other are presented.

On singleton kernel classes in the lattice of varieties of completely regular semigroups

In this paper, it is shown that, for every non-trivial variety [Formula: see text] of groups, the variety [Formula: see text] of all completely regular semigroups all of whose subgroups belong to [Formula: see text] is minimal in its kernel class in the lattice [Formula: see text] of all varieties of completely regular semigroups, and hence it constitutes, in fact, a singleton kernel class in the lattice [Formula: see text]. Even more generally, it is shown that, for every variety [Formula: see text] of completely simple semigroups which does not consist entirely of rectangular groups, the variety [Formula: see text] of all completely regular semigroups all of whose completely simple subsemigroups belong to [Formula: see text] is minimal in its kernel class in the lattice [Formula: see text], and hence it likewise constitutes a singleton kernel class in the mentioned lattice [Formula: see text].

VARIETIES OF POSITIVE MODAL ALGEBRAS AND STRUCTURAL COMPLETENESS

Positive modal algebras are the$$\left\langle { \wedge , \vee ,\diamondsuit ,\square,0,1} \right\rangle $$-subreducts of modal algebras. We prove that the variety of positive S4-algebras is not locally finite. On the other hand, the free one-generated positive S4-algebra is shown to be finite. Moreover, we describe the bottom part of the lattice of varieties of positive S4-algebras. Building on this, we characterize (passively, hereditarily) structurally complete varieties of positive K4-algebras.

THE LATTICE OF VARIETIES OF STRICT LEFT RESTRICTION SEMIGROUPS

Left restriction semigroups are the unary semigroups that abstractly characterize semigroups of partial maps on a set, where the unary operation associates to a map the identity element on its domain. This paper is the sequel to two recent papers by the author, melding the results of the first, on membership in the variety $\mathbf{B}$ of left restriction semigroups generated by Brandt semigroups and monoids, with the connection established in the second between subvarieties of the variety $\mathbf{B}_{R}$ of two-sided restriction semigroups similarly generated and varieties of categories, in the sense of Tilson. We show that the respective lattices ${\mathcal{L}}(\mathbf{B})$ and ${\mathcal{L}}(\mathbf{B}_{R})$ of subvarieties are almost isomorphic, in a very specific sense. With the exception of the members of the interval $[\mathbf{D},\mathbf{D}\vee \mathbf{M}]$, every subvariety of $\mathbf{B}$ is induced from a member of $\mathbf{B}_{R}$ and vice versa. Here $\mathbf{D}$ is generated by the three-element left restriction semigroup $D$ and $\mathbf{M}$ is the variety of monoids. The analogues hold for pseudovarieties.

VARIETIES OF LEFT RESTRICTION SEMIGROUPS

Left restriction semigroups are the unary semigroups that abstractly characterize semigroups of partial maps on a set, where the unary operation associates to a map the identity element on its domain. They may be defined by a simple set of identities and the author initiated a study of the lattice of varieties of such semigroups, in parallel with the study of the lattice of varieties of two-sided restriction semigroups. In this work we study the subvariety $\mathbf{B}$ generated by Brandt semigroups and the subvarieties generated by the five-element Brandt inverse semigroup $B_{2}$, its four-element restriction subsemigroup $B_{0}$ and its three-element left restriction subsemigroup $D$. These have already been studied in the ‘plain’ semigroup context, in the inverse semigroup context (in the first two instances) and in the two-sided restriction semigroup context (in all but the last instance). The author has previously shown that in the last of these contexts, the behavior is pathological: ‘almost all’ finite restriction semigroups are inherently nonfinitely based. Here we show that this is not the case for left restriction semigroups, by exhibiting identities for the above varieties and for their joins with monoids (the analog of groups in this context). We do so by structural means involving subdirect decompositions into certain primitive semigroups. We also show that each identity has a simple structural interpretation.