PRESENTATION OF THE MUSICAL CULTURE OF THE SMALL PEOPLES OF SIBERIA IN THE MODERN INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT

This article presents the results of the analysis of the concept of "modern information environment", and also defines its place in the ethno-cultural space. The purpose of the analysis is to study the influence of modern information processes on the traditional musical folklore culture of the small peoples of Siberia. On the materials of field research and the study of online communities, created ethnic groups, the analysis of the influence of "modern information environment" for the life of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. Also, the characteristic features of musical folklore are determined by the example of the analysis of interviews taken from representatives of such ethnic groups as Dolgan, Ents, Nenets. A study of recordings of ethnic festivals and TV shows that promote the popularization of folk song art of the small peoples of Siberia was conducted. The analysis methods used made it possible to formulate the value and semantic meaning of musical folklore culture for the life of a modern person, to determine the place of musical culture in the "modern information environment", as well as to trace cross-cultural ethnic ties. As a result of the analysis of the information space, the following was revealed: first, thanks to information resources, traditional and modern musical culture goes beyond territorial borders and becomes accessible to an audience from different regions of the country and not only; secondly, the broadcast of musical art in online mode allows for the inclusion of the largest number of performers of national music in this process.

The Impact of Festival Participation on Ethnic Identity: The Case of Yi Torch Festival

This study examines the impact of ethnic festival participation on community members' ethnic identity. Applying the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) in a questionnaire survey administered to the Yi ethnic community members attending a Yi Torch Festival in Sichuan Province, China, the study identifies that the festival attendees' ethnic identity is reflected in two dimensions: ethnic identity commitment and ethnic identity exploration. Independent sample t tests show that there is no difference of ethnic identity commitment between the performers' group and the spectators' group in the festival; however, performers as active participants of the festival score much higher on ethnic identity exploration than spectators. Practical festival management implications are discussed. This study has the following contributions. First, it validated the dimensionality and measurement stability of MEIM, in the context of ethnic festivals. Second, this study extends the application of MEIM from the fields of anthropology and ethnology to festival studies. This is the first study applying MEIM in festival research. It demonstrates the applicability of the MEIM scale in studying ethnic festivals. Lastly, this study expanded the knowledge on the relationship between festival participation and ethnic identity. It evidenced through empirical analysis that active participation in ethnic festivals by ethnic community members can effectively contribute to the ethnic identity of the community members, especially on the exploration dimension of ethnic identity.

SOCIAL AND GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MODERN TENDENCIES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE REVIVAL OF THE PALETTE OF BRAND DESTINATIONS OF ETHNO-FESTIVAL TOURISM IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE IN THE CURRENT CRISIS REALITIES

The aim of the study is to analyze trends, problems and prospects for the development of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine in the current crisis realities. Methods. The study used the method of statistical analysis, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, synthesis method. Results. The geographical and socio-economic prospects for the development of ethno-festivals and destinations of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine are described, the problems and peculiarities of the organization of ethno-festival tourism in the region are revealed. Scientific novelty. Priorities for the development of ethnic festivals in the region have been identified in order to attract additional tourist flows and promote the development of ethnic culture. Practical significance. Concrete recommendations on the future development of ethno-festival tourism in the region are proposed.

Dancing to the State

Can small indigenous communities survive, as distinct cultural entities, in northeast India, an area of mind-boggling ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity? What are the choices such communities have, and what are some of the strategies such communities use to resist marginalization? In recent years, many such small groups are participating in large state-sponsored ethnic festivals, and organizing their own community festivals. But are these signs of their increasing agency or simply proof of their continued marginalization? How do state policies and political borders— inter-state as well as international—impact on a community’s need to perform their ethnicity? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this work, on the basis of ethnographic fieldwork conducted among the small Tangsa community living in Assam in northeast India. The study also reveals the asymmetry in the relations between the dominant power-wielding Assamese and the Tangsa. In summary, this is a study about marginality and its consequences, about performance of ethnicity at festivals as sites for both resistance and capitulation, and about the compulsions, imposed by the state and dominant neighbours, that can force small ethnic groups to contribute to their own marginalization.

A ‘MONTAGE OF MINORITIES’: HAWAI‘I TOURISM AND THE COMMODIFICATION OF RACIAL TOLERANCE, 1959–1978

This article studies the Hawai‘i tourism industry's efforts to market Hawai‘i as a multi-cultural paradise where positive racial experiences could be bought and sold. With jet travel arriving in Hawai‘i the same year as statehood, the tourism industry, aided by the new state government, exploited Hawai‘i's newfound prominence, luring planeloads of American tourists who thronged its beaches, hotels, and cultural spectacles. Tourism helped turn racial tolerance into a saleable, if intangible, commodity. Marketers invited mainlanders to partake in the islands’ celebrated ‘Aloha Spirit’: an elusive vision of social harmony said to be the defining feature of the Hawai‘i vacation. By attending ethnic festivals, eating exotic food, and interacting with locals, visitors might even bring some Aloha Spirit home with them. Hawai‘i's society thus became not only a site of consumption, but an object of consumption itself. What such utopian ideas obscured was that the broader construction of Hawai‘i as a multi-cultural paradise was part of state efforts both to transform Hawai‘i's economy and to promote US influence in the Pacific. While the limited historiography on multi-culturalism situates its emergence in grassroots protest, this article argues for the elite origins of the multi-cultural ideal, which served the interests of both business and US foreign policy.

Ethnographic tourism as a reserve of social and economic development of Ukrainian Carpathians

Ethnographic tourism is considered as a provision of tourist services through engaging the attractive elements of traditional culture and way of life of ethnic groups of a certain nation. Ukrainian Carpathians have a great potential of ethnographic resources that form the material and spiritual components of the traditional culture of Ukrainian people. Concentration of resources of ethnographic tourism is significantly differentiated in Huzul, Boyko and Lemko ethnographic areas. Resources of ethnographic tourism in Hutsul ethnographic region, on the basis of which Verhovyna-Kryvorivnya, Kosiv, Yaremcha, Vyzhnytsya-Putyla and Rakhiv-Yasinya tourist clusters form, are preserved, ordered and information actualized best of all. The largest centre of ethnographic tourism in Boyko ethnographic area is the city of Turka. The basis of ethnographic tourism within Lemko ethnographic region may be holding of ethnic festivals. Prospects of ethnographic tourism in the Ukrainian Carpathians depend on its cooperation with other types of tourism – active sports and wellness tourism, ecotourism, agrotourism. Key words: ethnographic tourism, tourist resources, Ukrainian Carpathians, ethnographic areas, tourist clusters.