Application of 3D Dynamic Image Technology in Industrial Products

Aiming at the problems of manual testing of industrial products, a measurement method of industrial products based on three-dimensional dynamic imaging technology is proposed. The products on the production line are dynamically photographed from different angles and within a certain period of time by using cameras. Then the obtained Image denoising processing and contour tracking based on chain code table and line segment table to obtain boundary information and regional information of each enclosed area of the image. Experimental tests show that the test accuracy of this method is 100%, which is suitable for real-time detection. Fully automated research on product testing provides the foundation.

Integration of DE Algorithm with PDC-APF for Enhancement of Contour Path Planning of a Universal Robot

In the robotic engineering field, the main target, especially in industry, manufacturing, and surgical operations, is reaching the optimal performance of manipulators. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the contour tracking performance of collaborative universal manipulator robot (UR5) by setting the gain of position domain controller. In order to improve and enhance the track of manipulator in experimental applications we utilize differential evolution (DE) optimization, using MATLAB toolbox with an applied robot operating system (ROS). The adopted current approach does not only optimize the gain of position domain controller but also prevent collisions by detecting a “border crossing” without turning off the manipulator and allowing the automation agent to be on the scene, coexisting in harmonic mode and avoiding collisions. This requires the implementation of an algorithm that detects an obstacle to avoid anticipated collisions. For this purpose, the adopted algorithm uses the DE algorithm to modify the artificial potential field (APF). The results of this paper present that on one hand, meta-heuristic optimization algorithm features give the best performance indices for linear and non-linear contours, and on the other hand, DE algorithm features give good modification to APF to generate collision free contour path planning.

A Robust Image Processing Algorithm for Optical-Based Stress–Strain Curve Corrections after Necking

To determine the stress–strain curve of a ductile material up to the fracture from a tensile test, the necking contour is measured by an optical measurement technique. The radius of the minimal cross-sectional area and the radius of curvature are used as input for analytical necking corrections of the stress–strain curve, as well as for finite element inverse simulations. Due to the increasing surface roughness that develops during testing, a precise determination of the specimen contour is very challenging. This is crucial, since the second derivative is required for estimating the radius of curvature. A dedicated contour-tracking algorithm was developed to deal with the surface roughness and a specimen painted white with black background was found to provide enough contrast. The new algorithm was implemented in a software, which is made available as open source. Tests were made for an isotropic, commercially pure aluminum alloy and for an axisymmetric, peak aged AA6082 alloy, based on image recording by a digital camera and synchronized force measurements. Modeling by finite element simulations was performed to assess the accuracy of analytical corrections of the stress–strain curves by inverse modeling and for designing a robust contour-tracking algorithm.

Position Domain Synchronization Control For Robotic Manipulators

Developed in this thesis is a new control law focusing on the improvement of contour tracking of robotic manipulators. The new control scheme is a hybrid controller based on position domain control (PDC) and position synchronization control (PSC). On PDC, the system’s dynamics are transformed from time domain to position domain via a one-to-one mapping and the position of the master axis motion is used as reference instead of time. The elimination of the reference motion from the control input improves contouring performance relative to time domain controllers. Conversely, PSC seeks to reduce the error of the systems by diminishing the synchronization error between each agent of the system. The new control law utilizes the aforementioned techniques to maximize the contour performance. The Lyapunov method was used to prove the proposed controller’s stability. The new control law was compared to existing control schemes via simulations of linear and nonlinear contours, and was shown to provide good tracking and contouring performances.

Position Domain Synchronization Control For Robotic Manipulators

Developed in this thesis is a new control law focusing on the improvement of contour tracking of robotic manipulators. The new control scheme is a hybrid controller based on position domain control (PDC) and position synchronization control (PSC). On PDC, the system’s dynamics are transformed from time domain to position domain via a one-to-one mapping and the position of the master axis motion is used as reference instead of time. The elimination of the reference motion from the control input improves contouring performance relative to time domain controllers. Conversely, PSC seeks to reduce the error of the systems by diminishing the synchronization error between each agent of the system. The new control law utilizes the aforementioned techniques to maximize the contour performance. The Lyapunov method was used to prove the proposed controller’s stability. The new control law was compared to existing control schemes via simulations of linear and nonlinear contours, and was shown to provide good tracking and contouring performances.

A Novel Position Domain Controller For Contour Tracking Performance Improvement

A common problem with modern manufacturing processes that utilize high feed-rate machining is how to accurately track a given contour for the tool center point (TCP) of a system. Various methods have been developed to increase axial tracking performance and contouring performance of computerized numerical control (CNC) machines. These include: high gain feedback controllers, feedforward controllers, zero phase error tracking controllers (ZPETC), cross-coupled control (CCC), and iterative learning control to mention a few. The common factor amongst these methods is that they are all based in time domain. This thesis will propose a new control law based in position domain applied to contour tracking control of a CNC machine. The goal of this developed controller is to improve the overall tracking and contouring performance of a CNC system. The idea behind a position domain control involves transforming the dynamics of a system from time domain into position domain through a one-to-one mapping. In the position domain system control, the motion of one of the axis is used as an independent reference by sampling equidistantly to control the remaining axes according to the contouring requirements. The overall contour error in a position domain controller should be lower relative to an equivalent time domain controller since there will be a zero tracking error from the reference motion. The stability of the proposed position domain control is proven through the Lyapunov method. Simulations with linear and nonlinear TCP contours using the proposed position domain controller and an equivalent time domain controller indicate that the proposed position domain control can improve tracking and contouring performance. In addition, a position domain controller with cross-coupled control was also proposed to further improve contour performance.

A Novel Position Domain Controller For Contour Tracking Performance Improvement

A common problem with modern manufacturing processes that utilize high feed-rate machining is how to accurately track a given contour for the tool center point (TCP) of a system. Various methods have been developed to increase axial tracking performance and contouring performance of computerized numerical control (CNC) machines. These include: high gain feedback controllers, feedforward controllers, zero phase error tracking controllers (ZPETC), cross-coupled control (CCC), and iterative learning control to mention a few. The common factor amongst these methods is that they are all based in time domain. This thesis will propose a new control law based in position domain applied to contour tracking control of a CNC machine. The goal of this developed controller is to improve the overall tracking and contouring performance of a CNC system. The idea behind a position domain control involves transforming the dynamics of a system from time domain into position domain through a one-to-one mapping. In the position domain system control, the motion of one of the axis is used as an independent reference by sampling equidistantly to control the remaining axes according to the contouring requirements. The overall contour error in a position domain controller should be lower relative to an equivalent time domain controller since there will be a zero tracking error from the reference motion. The stability of the proposed position domain control is proven through the Lyapunov method. Simulations with linear and nonlinear TCP contours using the proposed position domain controller and an equivalent time domain controller indicate that the proposed position domain control can improve tracking and contouring performance. In addition, a position domain controller with cross-coupled control was also proposed to further improve contour performance.