Hand-based multibiometric systems: state-of-the-art and future challenges

The traditional methods used for the identification of individuals such as personal identification numbers (PINs), identification tags, etc., are vulnerable as they are easily compromised by the hackers. In this paper, we aim to focus on the existing multibiometric systems that use hand based modalities for the identification of individuals. We cover the existing multibiometric systems in the context of various feature extraction schemes, along with an analysis of their performance using one of the performance measures used for biometric systems. Later, we cover the literature on template protection including various cancelable biometrics and biometric cryptosystems and provide a brief comment about the methods used for multibiometric template protection. Finally, we discuss various open issues and challenges faced by researchers and propose some future directions that can enhance the security of multibiometric templates.

Significance of the Transition to Biometric Template Protection: Explore the Future

The IT security paradigm evolves from secret-based to biometric identity-based. Biometric identification has gradually become more popular in recent years for handheld devices. Privacy-preserving is a key concern when biometrics is used in authentication systems in the present world today. Nowadays, the declaration of biometric traits has been imposed not only by the government but also by many private entities. There are no proper mechanisms and assurance that biometric traits will be kept safe by such entities. The encryption of biometric traits to avoid privacy attacks is a giant problem. Hence, state-of-the-art safety and security technological solutions must be devised to prevent the loss and misuse of such biometric traits. In this paper, we have identified different cancelable biometrics methods with the possible attacks on the biometric traits and directions on possible countermeasures in order to design a secure and privacy-preserving biometric authentication system. We also proposed a highly secure method for cancelable biometrics using a non-invertible function based on Discrete Cosine Transformation and Index of max hashing. We tested and evaluated the proposed novel method on a standard dataset and achieved good results.

Discrete Transforms and Matrix Rotation Based Cancelable Face and Fingerprint Recognition for Biometric Security Applications

The security of information is necessary for the success of any system. So, there is a need to have a robust mechanism to ensure the verification of any person before allowing him to access the stored data. So, for purposes of increasing the security level and privacy of users against attacks, cancelable biometrics can be utilized. The principal objective of cancelable biometrics is to generate new distorted biometric templates to be stored in biometric databases instead of the original ones. This paper presents effective methods based on different discrete transforms, such as Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), in addition to matrix rotation to generate cancelable biometric templates, in order to meet revocability and prevent the restoration of the original templates from the generated cancelable ones. Rotated versions of the images are generated in either spatial or transform domains and added together to eliminate the ability to recover the original biometric templates. The cancelability performance is evaluated and tested through extensive simulation results for all proposed methods on a different face and fingerprint datasets. Low Equal Error Rate (EER) values with high AROC values reflect the efficiency of the proposed methods, especially those dependent on DCT and DFrFT. Moreover, a comparative study is performed to evaluate the proposed method with all transformations to select the best one from the security perspective. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is carried out to test the performance of the proposed schemes with the existing schemes. The obtained outcomes reveal the efficiency of the proposed cancelable biometric schemes by introducing an average AROC of 0.998, EER of 0.0023, FAR of 0.008, and FRR of 0.003.