Micromammals from the late early Miocene of Çapak (western Anatolia) herald a time of change

The new fossil micromammal assemblage of Çapak represents a mixture of both Anatolian and European faunal elements. The locality is very important for understanding faunal evolution in the less well-known time interval at the end of the early Miocene of western Anatolia. In Çapak, nine species of rodents and one species of ochotonid were encountered: the hamsters Democricetodon gracilis, Megacricetodon primitivus, Eumyarion aff. E. montanus, Cricetodon cf. C. aliveriensis, Cricetodon sp., and Karydomys cf. K. strati, the mole-rat Debruijnia sp., the squirrel Aliveria luteyni, the dormouse Myomimus tanjuae n. sp., and the pika Albertona balkanica. The assemblage is referable to Anatolian local zone E or MN unit 4. The relative abundance of the various genera is markedly different from that of the older early Miocene assemblages, suggesting that the environment in Anatolia became drier and had a more open landscape. UUID: http://zoobank.org/75f3276c-dcd8-4090-b2f6-d8fc8d3c3f7c

Interaction between the Local and General Zone for the Post-tensioned Girder Anchorage Zone

Background: The use of post-tensioning in girders causes high bearing and compressive stresses in the anchorage zone. In this study, the behavior of the anchorage zone and the interaction between the local and general zone are investigated. The variables included different reinforcements for both the local and general zones for a block of two anchorage devices. Methods: Both experimental and numerical methods have been applied to study the behavior of the anchorage zone. The experimental part of the study involved laboratory testing of sixteen specimens, and the numerical study was conducted using ABAQUS non-linear finite element analysis. Results: Tie reinforcement provided additional confinement for the local zone, and this confinement was more for the specimens with originally less confined spiral reinforcement strength. There was a slight or no effect of the local zone reinforcement on the general zone strength and ultimate load of the anchorage zone when the failure was in the general zone. Conclusion: Confinement of the local zone prevented the brittle bearing and compression failure of this zone.

Формирование и структура термомиграционных кремниевых каналов, легированных Ga

We have produced through-wafer vertical Si (Ga) p-channels by thermal migration of local gallium zones in c-Si (111) wafers. To achieve this, a method for the formation of local zone was proposed and implemented, which consists in filling linear grooves etched in a silicon wafer with fine-dispersed Ga powder. The grooves were 100 um wide and 30-50um deep. It was shown that a high yield of suitable zones occurs when the grain size of the powder is 5 um and the temperature is 290 K. The obtained Si (Ga) thermomigration p-channels were studied by X-ray methods of double-crystal rocking curves and projection topography. The characterization of structural perfection of Ga p-channels was performed by their comparison with the structural features of the Si (Al) thermomigration channels. Typical structural defects at the boundaries of both thermomigration channels were shown to be dislocation half-loops fixed by their ends at those boundaries. The concentrations of Al and Ga in the obtained channels were estimated as С(Al) ~ 1E19 и С(Ga) ~ 1.9 E19cm-3, the deformation e~(2–5)E-5 and tilt ~ 15–30 ʹʹ of crystal planes near the channel-matrix interface of the plate were determined.

The method of topographic tensoalgometry for assessing biomechanical characteristics of soft tissues

Introduction. The search for a reliable method for determining the characteristics of superficial soft tissues, which would not only evaluate the biomechanical indices of a particular local zone, but also identify existing changes in the entire area subject to therapeutic manipulation and, moreover, offer recommendations for choosing specific massage techniques, is relevant.The goal of research — to investigate the possibility of using the method of topographic tensoalgometry for assessing the biomechanical characteristics of soft tissues, as a new tool for objective evaluation of methods of manual impact on the patient′s body, taking into account the complete topographic picture of the studied area of patients′ soft tissues.Materials and methods. The study included 43 volunteers aged 18 to 49 years, 24 male and 19 female, with various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, mainly with a diagnosis of lower back pain (ICD-10 code M54.5), who were prescribed a course using classic massage techniques, conducted daily for 5 days. Before and after the massage course, all volunteers underwent topographic tensoalgometry.Results. The advantages of the proposed new method for objectifying the characteristics of surface soft tissues, its practical feasibility and clinical usefulness were shown.Conclusion. Obtained by topographic tensoalgometric diagnostic′s method the data of a holistic topographic picture of the studied area of the soft tissues of patients allow us to give recommendations on the choice of specific groups of massage techniques and to control the dynamics of changes in the data of strain and algometry.

Analysis of the methods for projection of spaces for good manufacturing practice

BACKGROUND: In this Paper we will present the evolution of the best practice for biobanks, the technical and medical standards for collecting, processing and storing, as well as the socio-economic standards for biobank management. AIM: The aim of this Thesis is to analyse and to present the methods for projection of spaces for good manufacturing practice. METHODS: The European Union has adopted guidelines for good manufacturing practice which define the requirements for manufacturing of sterile products. In the following text we will describe the details for determining microbiological cleanliness and cleanliness of the particles in the air, on the surfaces, etc. RESULTS: The length of time between the collecting of blood or tissues could affect the final result. The preparation of sterile products requires special conditions, in order the risk of microbiological contamination and certain pyrogenic contaminations to be minimized. We make difference between four levels of guidelines for good manufacturing practice, which in this Paper are taken from the practice of the European Union. Level A is local zone with high-risk procedures, e.g. filling, closing of bottles, opening of ampoules and bottles and making septic connections. Level B is aseptic preparation and filling of the samples. Level C and D are the clean spaces for less critical procedures for preparation of sterile products. CONCLUSION: Technical standards, medical standards, socio-economic standards for biobank management, informatics practices for biobanks, economic recommendations for biobanks have been established, as well as a quality of biobanks has been provided.

ABOUT THE ROLE OF TECTONIC DISORDERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSPECTED SEISMICITY FROM JOINT EXPOSURE TO OPEN AND UNDERGROUND WORKS ON THE PRODUCTION OF COAL

According to the results of monitoring with a temporary network of seismological stations in the south of Kuzbass in the area of seismic activation of technogenic nature, formed under the simultaneous influence of open and underground coal mining, the spatial structure of activation, its development in time and connection with tectonic disturbances are studied in detail. Seismic activation near underground workings is distinguished by locality in area, a large number of earthquakes with magnitudes Ml ≤ 2. For three closely spaced coal mines, there is a general seismic activation, inside of which, as a local zone, there is the activation of underground workings, characterized by the strongest earthquakes with Ml in the range of 3 ÷ 4. Depths of foci have a two-modal distribution with maxima in the range of 1 ÷ 1,5 km and in the range of 2 ÷ 3 km. Both in the area of mines and in the area of open mine workings, the subsoil is significantly deeper than the mine workings seismically activated. The seismic process in time is not stationary and pulsating.

Ventilation Performance Improvement in a Container with an Extraction Free Cooling System

In this study, a far-off local zone telecommunication infrastructure container ventilation system with cabinets is modelled. CFD analysis is performed to obtain the temperature and velocity profile inside the container with given heat loads and volume flow rates provided by fans. In the second part of the study, performance improvement scenarios are simulated. Hot regions are found at the back sides of the cabinets and vortices are formed in the middle plane zone of the volume which reduces the air intake of the fans in corresponding cabinets inside the container. To overcome this issue, a flow director, i.e. vortex breaker is designed to redirect to enhance fan suction, and the orientation of the cabinets have rearranged. According to the results, it is possible to improve the ventilation performance of a container with such an approach. In this study, %2.0735 of improvement is achieved by changing the location of the cabinets and placing a vortex breaker inside the room, where it is a significant change for such far-off local zone telecom applications, considering the extreme environmental conditions.

Differential GAP requirement for Cdc42-GTP polarization during proliferation and sexual reproduction

The formation of a local zone of Cdc42 GTPase activity, which governs cell polarization in many cell types, requires not only local activation but also switch-off mechanisms. In this study, we identify Rga3, a paralog of Rga4, as a novel Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Contrary to Rga4, Rga3 localizes with Cdc42-GTP to sites of polarity. Rga3 is dispensable for cell polarization during mitotic growth, but it limits the lifetime of unstable Cdc42-GTP patches that underlie cell pairing during sexual reproduction, masking a partly compensatory patch-wandering motion. In consequence, cells lacking rga3 hyperpolarize and lose out in mating competition. Rga3 synergizes with the Cdc42 GAPs Rga4 and Rga6 to restrict Cdc42-GTP zone sizes during mitotic growth. Surprisingly, triple-mutant cells, which are almost fully round, retain pheromone-dependent dynamic polarization of Cdc42-GTP, extend a polarized projection, and mate. Thus, the requirement for Cdc42-GTP hydrolysis by GAPs is distinct during polarization by intrinsic or extrinsic cues.

Investigation of the Hydrogen Stratification of the Metal of the Active Gas Pipeline

One of the most common types of metal destruction in the oil and gas industry is hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen corrosion is a complex of negative effects of hydrogen on steel, leading to the destruction of metal structures. Hydrogen passes through a defect-free metal, without lingering in it. In the presence of defects, hydrogen is retained in the metal forming a brittle solid solution, metal stratification along the segregation streamer, blistering. Studies of the metal of a gas pipeline made of steel 09G2S are presented in the article. The sample was selected from the local zone of destruction in the condensate collector, the metal of the pipe had typical for hydrogen corrosion stratifications. The scope of the study was identification of the most dangerous part of hydrogen corrosion on the sample taken from the local zone of destruction. Studies on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of 09G2S steel were also carried out. Stress-related characteristics of the metal microstructure of the failed gas pipeline were obtained and the character of the destruction progress was revealed. The presence of sulfides cluster in the metal of studied pipe was determined applying metallographic method for determining nonmetallic inclusions.