ANALYSIS OF INSTALLATIONS TO CONTROL THE OF RATION SIGNAL-TO-NOISE OF VACUUM UNIT ELECTRO-OPTICAL CONVERTER

The article considers and compares different installations to measure the signal-to-noise ratio of the electron-optical converter. Advantages and disadvantages described in State Standard 21815.19-90 of the installations design for signal-to-noise ratio control are analysed. Prospects for improving the method of measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the electron-optical converter are outlined.

Filter-silencer of vacuum installation

Annotation Purpose. Improving the silencer of the rotary vane vacuum unit by changing the design, which will lead to reducing of noise and ensuring of waste oil collection. Methods. Analysis of the designs and working processes of technical means for noise reduction and used oil collection from vacuum pumps of milking machines. Results. There are given the description of the filter silencer design and its operation principle, as well as the results of laboratory tests of the proposed filter silencer. It provides energy reduction during servicing, significantly reduce the noise, which is generated by vacuum pump, and collect used oil while providing a lower level decreasing of vacuum pump performance compared to serial models. Conclusions. The proposed solution provides energy reduction while filter silencer servicing in comparison with existing samples, reduces generated noise of the vacuum pump to 65–76 decibels and collect used oil up to 90–96%. At the same time, the decrease in productivity of the vacuum pump due to using new filter-silencer is about 1 m3/hour and in the serial models 1.28 m3/hour. It is advisable to place filter-silencer outside the vacuum room, in this case the value of the generated noise in the room is reduced by 30%. Keywords: filter silencer, pump, vacuum, oil collection, environmental problems, pollution, noise.

Development of a regime of disinfection of milking equipment and milk inventory with the acid detergent “Milkodez”

The material for the reseach were the washes that were taken from the milk utensils, portable milking machines, surface of the cooler, milking unit with the UDM 200 “Bratslavchanka” and milking parlor “Yalinka”. Washing of milking equipment and milk equipment was carried out with 0.5% hot solution (70 ± 5 ℃) of alkaline “Hyprochlor” and acid detergents disinfectant “Milkodez” and “Hypracid”. Processing of milk dishes, portable milking machines and cooler with acidic means was carried out for 2 and 5 minutes, cooler for 5 and 10 minutes, and installations of milking machine with UDM 200 “Bratslavchanka” milking parlor and “Yalinka” milking parlor – for 15 minutes by pumping the solution several times using a vacuum unit. The equipment, sanitary treatment of which was carried out by means of “Hyprochlor” and “Hypracid”, used as control. The disinfectant effect of the investigated agents was evaluated by the number of mesophilic aerobic and optional anaerobic microorganisms (MAOanM) in washings selected after washing and in milk. It was found that for the use of “Milkodez” dairy utensils for sanitary treatment, the amount of MAOanM on the surface of milking buckets and glass jars was smaller compared to their treatment with “Hypracid”, and the difference was for 2 and 5 min respectively 86.5% and 57.7% and 97.3 and 95.7%, respectively. Microbial contamination of fresh milk was reduced by 50.5% and 91.3%, respectively. The smallest amount of MAОanM in washes from milking rubber, milk hose, collector and milking tank of portable milking machines was in 5 minutes of their washing “Hyprochlor” and “Milkodez” and were respectively 0.6, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.2 thousand CFU/sm3, which allowed to obtain milk with the content of microorganisms 26 thousand CFU/sm3. The number of microorganisms per 1 sm3 of flushing from the walls of the cooler for 10 min of sanitary treatment by means of “Hyprochlor” and “Hypracid” was 5.8 thousand CFU/sm3, while for 5 min of exposure of the preparations “Hyprochlor” and “Milkodez” their number was 1.1 thousand CFU/cm3, and for 10 min – 0.4 thousand CFU/cm3. Thus, the number of microbial cells in 1 sm3 of milk was respectively 248000, 41000 and 29000 CFU. It is proved that for the sanitary treatment of UDM 200 “Bratslavchanka” and milking parlor “Yalinka” it is advisable to use the acid detergent disinfectant “Milkodez”, which provided 11.7 and 20.3 times less total amount of microorganisms in the washes from the elements and in 3.6 and 7.1 times in fresh milk, compared to “Hypracid”. The optimal mode of application of 0.5% solution of acid detergent disinfectant “Milkodez” for the effective sanitary treatment of milk utensils is 5 minutes, milking equipment – 10 minutes, and for the treatment of milking installations with milk pipeline and milking parlor – 15 minutes, after the previous washing them with an alkaline agent “Hyprochlor”.

Monitoring fouling dan jadwal pembersihan condenser dalam crude distiller unit pada pabrik pengilangan minyak bumi

Crude Distiller Unit (CDU) adalah bagian penting dipakai pada hampir semua unit kilang minyak bumi. CDU berfungsi untuk memfraksionasikan crude oil menjadi senyawa sederhana untuk diumpankan ketahap selanjutnya sebagai bahan baku padasecondary process. Pada CDU dilakukan proses pengolahan crude hingga menjadi produk-produk seperti crude butane, SR Tops, Naphtha II, Naphtha III, Naphtha IV, LKD, HKD, LCT, HCT, dan umpan High Vacuum Unit. Produk Seperti SR tops output kolom 3-1 dikondensasikan untuk kemudian dialirkan melalui pompa ke tahap secondary process. Tipe condenser adalah vertikal dengan kondensasi pada bagian shell. SR tops melalui shell sementara air pendingin melalui tube. Fouling merupakan salah satu faktor penurunan koefisien transfer perpindahan panas, dimana fouling merupakan akumulasi dari deposit material pada dinding transfer panas. Dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan interview didapati data-data mengenai kondisi operasi condenser 5-1. Sementara dengan metode referensi untuk mencari data-data yang diperlukan untuk melakukan perhitungan dan study literature untuk korelasi hasil yang didapat. Hasil perhitungan dengan data aktual menunjukan bahwa sekitar 39 bulan lagi adalah waktu maksimal operasi condenser sebelum di cleaning. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori yang ada dimana waktu normal pengoperasi condenser ialah berkisar antara 3-4 tahun untuk selanjutnya di cleaning.Sementara dengan mengganti air pendingin yang semula air sungai menjadi air yang telah ditreatment didapat bahwa condenser mampu beroperasi hingga 137 bulan lagi untuk selanjutnya dilakukan cleaning. Hal ini menunjukan penggantian jenis pendingin yang digunakan berpengaruh besar dalam pengurangan rate fouling pada condenser. Sehingga perlu adanya upaya penggantian air pendingin sehingga waktu operasi alat lebih optimal.