Comparison of Insulin Pump Bolus Calculators Reveals Wide Variation in Dose Recommendations

Background: The introduction of insulin pumps with bolus calculators (BCs) has improved glycemic outcomes and quality of life for those with type 1 diabetes. Despite the increased reliance on BCs, the formulas used to derive recommended boluses are not standardized. Our objective was to examine whether recommendations from different pump BCs vary significantly for identical clinical scenarios. Methods: Three commercially available insulin pump BCs were programmed with identical settings and then presented with combinations of blood glucose (BG) and carbohydrates (CHOs) to generate a 4-unit bolus. At one- and two-hour time points, while there was insulin-on-board (IOB) present, we simulated various BG and CHO scenarios in order to compare BC-recommended doses. Results: Differences in suggested doses were noted between BCs, as well as within the same brand. The greatest variation was apparent when BG was below target. Doses suggested by one BC varied depending on whether the IOB resulted from a previous dose given for BG or CHO, while the other two BCs adjusted for total IOB regardless of the source. Conclusions: In this simulation study, there were large differences in recommended doses between BCs due to the unique way each manufacturer incorporates IOB into their formulas as well as the pharmacokinetics used to derive the IOB amount. Providers should be aware that identical pump settings will result in a different dose recommendation for each pump brand and advise patients accordingly.

Effectiveness of Replacing Inorganic Fertilizer with Compost Made of Garden Waste for Coconut Palm

Replacement of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure is welcome by the world due to health concern and increasing cost of production. In the coconut sector, inorganic fertilizers are heavily used and it is costly. Therefore, three treatment combinations were tried to supplement or replace the inorganic fertilizer with the organic manure for the coconut palms. The study revealed that completely forgetting the inorganic fertilizer with the tested amount of organic manure is not possible. Addition of organic manure to the existing inorganic fertilizer dose recommendation is not increasing the nut’s yield in number but the nut’s quality.

Efektivitas Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza Berbasis Azolla (Mikola) Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Effectiveness Of Biofertilizer Mycorrhiza Based Azolla (Mikola) On Shallot)

<p>Bawang merah merupakan jenis sayuran umbi yang potensial secara ekonomi. Produksi dan harganya yang fluktuatif menjadikan komoditas ini perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius, khususnya untuk pengembangan budidayanya ke lahan marjinal yang masih luas di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah menerapkan bioteknologi pupuk hayati mikoriza spesifik lokasi lahan marjinal berbasis azolla (Mikola) dan pengurangan dosis pupuk anorganik pada budidaya tanaman bawang merah. Metode penelitian berupa percobaan pot di rumah plastik menggunakan rancangan Central Composit Second Order Design dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama, dosis pupuk Mikola yaitu 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 g tanaman-1 dan faktor kedua adalah pengurangan dosis pupuk anorganik Urea, ZA, SP 36 dan KCl yaitu 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% dari dosis anjuran. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode Respon Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan model persamaan matematika : Yi= β0X0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + β11X1² 1+ β22X2² +β12X1X2 + εij dengan bantuan program minitab16. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk Mikola pada budidaya tanaman bawang merah di pot dengan dosis 18 gram per tanaman dapat mengurangi pemakaian pupuk anorganik hingga 40% dari dosis rekomendasi dan meningkatkan hasil hingga 15%.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Mikoriza, azolla, pupuk hayati, bawang merah, sayuran</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Shallots is a kind of tuber vegetable economic potential. Production and the price fluctuating commodity makes it necessary for serious concer, particularly for the development of cultivation into marginal land that is still widespread in Indonesia. The objective of research was to apply of biofertilizer mycorrhizal marginal land of azolla based (Mikola) and dose reduction of inorganic fertilizers in the cultivation of shallot. The research was pot experiment using the Central Composite Second Order Design with 2 factors. The factors are the dose of Mikola namely 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 g plant-1 and reduction of Urea, ZA, SP 36, KCl i.e. 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of recommended doses. The analysis using Response Surface Methodology, a mathematical equation: Yi= β0X0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + β11X1² 1+ β22X2² +β12X1X2 + εij. The conclusion showed that the application of Mikola fertilizers on the shallot planting with 18 grams per plant can eliminate the use of inorganic fertilizers up to 40% of the dose recommendation and increase the yield up to 15%.</p>

Effect Balance of Bokashi and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Simplicia Yield, and Content Of Sinensetin of Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.)

<p>Growth potential, simplicia yields, and secondary metabolites of sinensetin varieties kumis kucing can be increased through fertilization management. The aim of this research was to examine the effect balance of bokashi and inorganic fertilizer on growth, simplicia yields and secondary metabolites of sinensetin kumis kucing varieties. The design of research was a split-plot field experiment, with the main plot were varieties (Orsina 1 and Orsina 2) and subplots in bokashi fertilization of goat manure (control, bokashi 15 tons ha^-1, bokashi 15 tons ha^-1 + 100% inorganic fertilizer dose recommendation, bokashi 15 tons ha^-1 + 50% recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizer and 100% recommended inorganic fertilizer). Inorganic fertilizer recommendations consist of Urea 100 kg ha^-1, SP36 200 kg ha^-1, and KCl 100 kg ha^-1. The results showed that the use of bokashi 15 tons ha^-1 + 50% inorganic fertilizer increased growth. Besides it also produced the highest simplicia of 48.57 g plant^-1 and the highest secondary metabolite of 0.045% plant^-1 in Orsina 1. Both kumis kucing varieties did not show growth differences and yields. Bokashi fertilizer can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in the growth and simplicia yields and potentially increase sinensetin of kumis kucing.</p>