Six-Stroke Cylinder Engine : An Emerging Technology

The requirement for the advancement of internal combustion (IC) engines and enhance methods for the combustion cycle is increasing day by day. The four-stroke combustion engine is extensively used due to better fuel economy and less exhaust smoke. However, the major drawback includes a considerable amount of extra heat energy generation that directly adds up to waste energy. In order to overcome the limitation, the idea of computing two extra strokes in the four-stroke engine to utilize the waste energy has been introduced. The six-stroke engine has significantly improved the fuel working ratio per cycle. Incorporating alternative fuels like hydrogen and HHO into six-stroke technology increases efficiency and minimizes exhaust emissions. A six-stroke engine could be the solution for making hybrid automobile technology more convenient. The review article aims to thoroughly understand the underlying principles behind the improved efficiency of a six-stroke cylinder engine. The researches on the six-stroke cylinder engine are summarized in the literature review. The design configuration of alternative fuels is discussed towards the end of the paper.

“I Can’t! It’s a Prius”

Chapter 3 explores Toyota Corporation’s hybrid automobile, the Prius, as a consumer icon of green virtue, charting media representations that portray the Prius as a vehicle of ecopiety as practiced through acts of consumopiety. It then sharply contrasts these eco-pious cultural readings of the Prius with ones that are intensely hostile and resistant. Drawing insight from “moral foundations theory” and its theorized connections to political disparities in environmental attitudes, this chapter’s media analysis of the Prius provides an opening into the complex incongruities between media “encoding” and media “decoding,” as messages of the Prius as icon of “environmental piety” get filtered through different power dimensions of class, gender, sexuality, and race. The resulting oppositional narratives give rise to the new and fascinating “subgenre” of pornography called “pollution porn.” This chapter probes seemingly unlikely, but nonethelessoperative, class-based media interventions into a dominant environmental discourse that is often perceived to be elitist, self-righteous, and smug.

Disturbance observer–based adaptive integral sliding mode control for the hybrid automobile electro-coating conveying mechanism

This article seeks to achieve high tracking performance of the hybrid automobile electro-coating conveying mechanism with disturbances and uncertainties. An integral sliding mode control scheme is first presented to eliminate the reaching phase in sliding mode control. Then, an adaptive integral sliding mode controller is designed without knowing the disturbance information. Finally, a composite strategy, referred to as nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO)-based adaptive integral sliding model control, is put forward to further reduce the switching gain. By compensating the lumped disturbances via a NDO, the switching gain is only required to be higher than upper bound of the disturbance estimation error which is much smaller than actual disturbance. The results of both numerical simulations and experiments show that the proposed approach has good control performance especially in reducing the switching gain and alleviating the chattering problem.

Hybrid Vehicle Adoption – A Conceptual Study

Market share of hybrid vehicle is still low as compared to non-hybrid vehicle. From business point of view, slow growth in hybrid vehicle sales may causes losses on hybrid automobile manufacturers and they may end up withdraw from the market. In order to increase the sales of hybrid vehicle, a solution must be generated. To find a good solution, automobile producers must understand the market condition as well as the reasons/factors that influenced adoption of hybrid vehicle. This research aims to contribute to the understanding on the consumer behavior that causes the adoption of hybrid vehicle and hope to contribute to the reduction in global warming as well as theoretical development.

Based on Atmege 16 Mixed Hybrid Automobile Demonstration System Design

Hybrid automobile is pointed as the automobile with two kinds of power sources which include fossil energy supply and battery power source. According to the throttle sensor and wheel speed sensor, the working of the mixed hybrid automobile is divided into several conditions as follows : starting , working at low and moderate speed, working at high speed ,working at full speed and acceleration, braking with energy regeneration. In this paper the mixed hybrid vehicle demonstration system is designed. And it mainly concerns the structure and principle of the mixed hybrid vehicle demonstration system,and discusses how to design the hardware and software system based on atmege16, the results of circuit simulation shows that the demonstration system can effectively show the working of the mixed hybrid vehicles through three order flows of the LEDS.