A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF COLOUR DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY IMAGING IN CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS WITH LOWER EXTREMITY DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS

AIMS & OBJECTIVES- The aim of the study was to evaluate by duplex sonography normal appearance of deep veins of lower extremity and appearance of thrombus in clinically suspected patients of DVT. MATERIALS AND METHOD- This study was conducted on Siemens Acuson X-700 machine in the department of Radiodiagnosis at SRMSIMS Bareilly in 50 patients presented with clinical suspicion of leg pain. They were evaluated by color duplex sonography in Department of Radiodiagnosis. RESULTS- On color duplex sonography 42 patients were detected and conrmed for DVT .On sonography sensitivity for test was 82%. DISCUSSION- The diagnosis of DVT has always been troublesome. The characteristics signs and symptoms that can be associated with DVT and the fact that many thrombi are having no symptoms make it exceedingly difcult to rely on the clinical diagnosis. The management of patients with clinical presentation of DVT in the lower extremity needs precise diagnosis of thrombus, its nature, location and extent. CONCLUSION- It is conclusively accepted that Color Doppler USG is non invasive, efcient, easily, repeatable, widely available and sensitive diagnostic tool in diagnosis of lower limb DVT.

The case of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patient with multiple sclerosis

A case of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) in a 41-year-woman with 19 years remission of multiple sclerosisis presented.She had complaints of acute unilateral loss of vision and underwent complex clinical and instrumental examination including B-scan of orbit, color duplex sonography (CDS) of orbital vessels and brachiocephalic arteries, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The significant stenosis of internal carotid artery due to its dissection was detected on the affected eye side. The results of ultrasound examinations and MRI excluded demyelinative retrobulbar neuritis (RBN) and determined the signs of blood flow impairment in vessels of orbital part of the optic nerve. Differential diagnostics of PION and RBN required the investigations of blood flow in orbital vessels and brachiocephalic arteries. Key words: posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, retrobulbar neuritis, color duplex sonography, internal carotid artery.

Analysis of Development Mechanism of Giant Cell Arteritis in Nude Mouse Model through Color Duplex Sonography and Computerized Tomography Nanocontrast Agent

To explore the application value of color duplex sonography and enhanced computerized tomography (CT) inspection based on a nanocontrast agent in diagnosis and pathogenesis in giant cell arteritis (GCA), the GCA nude mouse model was constructed. In this study, 40 healthy male BalB/c nude mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into a control group (no model) and an experimental group (model), with 20 mice in each group, and the temporal artery tissue of GCA patients diagnosed as positive by temporal artery biopsy was implanted into nude mice to construct a GCA nude mouse model. Abdominal aortic biopsy and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the success of the GCA nude mouse model. All nude mice were subjected to color duplex sonography and enhanced CT examination based on a nanocontrast agent. At the same time, the basic indicators such as body weight, temperature, white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelet (PLT) were measured, and the protein expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the temporal artery wall of the nude mice in the experimental group thickened and the lumen was significantly narrowed, indicating that the cell arteritis model of nude mice was successfully constructed; ultrasound examination showed that the right superficial temporal artery vascular cavity narrowed, the blood flow signal changed like a filling defect around the periphery, and there was a low echo halo. CT examination showed that the left superficial temporal artery narrowed, and the inner diameter of the narrow segment of blood vessels changed like a bead. The body weight of nude mice in the experimental group decreased significantly after the modeling was completed ( P < 0.05 ); after modeling, the body temperature of the nude mice in the experimental group increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ); LYM and HGB values of nude mice in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ); the content of IL-6, STAT3, IL-6, and STAT3 proteins in the arterial tissue of nude mice in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ), indicating that color duplex sonography and CT contrast agent technology can be used in the diagnosis and development mechanism research of GC.

Color Duplex Sonography Findings of the Carotid Arteries and Associated Risk Factors in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack

Introduction. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an acute episode of temporary neurologic dysfunction that typically lasts less than an hour. Atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries may cause TIA by lumen stenosis or plaque-related thromboembolism. The aim of this paper was to analyze the changes of the carotid arteries in patients with TIA and associated risk factors. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 62 TIA patients was performed. Color duplex sonography of the carotid arteries and risk factor assessment was carried out in all patients. Results. We analyzed 15(24%) females and 47(76%) males with TIA, aged 45-79 years. The most frequent risk factor was hypertension, present in 57 patients (91.9%). The most common findings of the extracranial segments of the carotid arteries were atheromatous plaques present in 25.8% and low-grade stenosis (40-59%) visualized in 24.1% of patients. Multiple plaques predominated, mostly localized in the region of bifurcation and the beginning of the internal carotid artery (67.7%), with irregular surface (in 58.1%), heterogenous structure (70.9%) and mostly hypoechogenic (46.8%). Conclusion. These data have demonstrated a significant relationship between carotid artery ultrasound plaque characteristics and TIA occurrence. That is why color duplex sonography of the carotid arteries should be carried out in all TIA patients and risk factors should be evaluated, in order to take appropriate therapeutic measures for prevention of definitive stroke.