Orally Administered Activated Charcoal as a Medical Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rats

Activated charcoal (AC) can be taken orally as enterosorbent for treatment of pathological states related to exogenous and endogenous intoxications. Synthesized granulated AC with a highly developed active surface (SBET ~2700 m2/g) was used as a medical countermeasure (MCM) to acute radiation sickness (ARS) in rats after total body X-ray irradiation. AC demonstrates positive results in ARS treatment, as expressed in, (i) a decrease in body weight loss, (ii) a protection of bone marrow (BM) cells colony formation capacity, (iii) a reduction of BM chromosomal aberrations and small intestine and spleen tissue damage, (iv) an amelioration of white blood cell count, and (v) a mitigation of superoxide ion generation rate in the liver. AC oral prescription seems to be perspective modality of ARS treatment.

Mechanistic insights into carbon dioxide utilization by superoxide ion generated electrochemically in ionic liquid electrolyte

Understanding the reaction mechanism that controls the one-electron electrochemical reduction of oxygen is essential for sustainable use of the superoxide ion (O2˙−) for CO2 conversion.

Computer Simulation of the O2- Superoxide Ion Stability in a Continuous Dielectric Medium

In this paper, computer modeling is carried out, and stability parameters (total energy, binding energy, ionization and electron affinity, vibrational frequencies) at the ground states of the O2 (X 3Zg-) molecule and the superoxide ion O2- (X 2Пg) in dielectric media are calculated. Chemical particles have been placed in the topological cavity of the continuum medium. The CPCM model takes into account cavitation energy, electrostatic and dispersion interactions with a continuous polarized solvent medium. Calculations are performed using the algorithms of the ORCA package by the method of the hybrid density functional B3LYP in the basic set 6-31+G (d). The calculated data for effective media with a dielectric constant of vacuum, benzene, and water are obtained. It is shown that an increase in the dielectric constant of the solvent significantly increases the stability of the O2- superoxide ion with respect to oxidation and transition to an inactivated state of an oxygen molecule with a calculated electron affinity of 0.495 eV, 2.723 eV, 3.803 eV for vacuum, benzene, and water, respectively.