Monocyte Chemiluminescence Traits in Gastric Cancer

Aim. A study of monocyte chemiluminescent activity at variant stages of gastric cancer.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 90 gastric cancer patients and 70 healthy donors. Spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence in monocytes was assessed for 90 min with a “BLM 3607” 36-channel chemiluminescence analyser (Russia). Opsonized zymosan-induced chemiluminescence enhancement was measured as a ratio of the areas under the induced vs. spontaneous chemiluminescence curves, the activation index. Statistical significance was estimated with the Mann—Whitney criterion (p < 0.05).Results. The maximal spontaneous monocyte chemiluminescence intensity significantly decreased in stage IV gastric cancer patients compared to the control cohort (p = 0.035). Time to maximum in spontaneous chemiluminescence increased in all gastric cancer patients vs. control (p = 0.001), and in stage IV gastric cancer vs. stage I patients (p = 0.043). The areas under a curve in spontaneous and induced monocyte chemiluminescence increased in all gastric cancer patients vs. control (p = 0.001), and in stage IV gastric cancer vs. stage I patients (p = 0.037). The activation index was higher in all gastric cancer cases compared to control (p = 0.001).Conclusion. All patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, irrespective of the stage, revealed changes in the monocyte chemiluminescence activity, i.e. a longer time to maximum in spontaneous chemiluminescence and larger area under the curve of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence, the activation index. Maximal monocyte spontaneous chemiluminescence intensity diminished in stage IV gastric cancer compared to the control cohort. Immune activity reflected in monocyte chemiluminescence correlates with the stage of gastric adenocarcinoma.

THE INCREASED KINETICS OF H2O2-INDUCED CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN THE PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES AFTER CEREBRAL CONTUSION

Purpose of the study. The aim was to study in the patients with long-term consequences after cerebral contusion the intensity of spontaneous and H2O2-induced chemiluminescence in order to evaluate the early fast-flowing reactions caused by oxidative stress and associated with the formation of primary radicals such as free radical oxidations. Materials and Methods. Forty-two patients with long-term consequences after cerebral contusion were investigated (39,04 ± 12,84 years mean age; mean onset years 32,56 ± 6,4) where both spontaneous and H2O2-induced chemiluminescences were measured directly by HPLC-chemiluminescence assay. Results. The study have showed that sera of the investigated patients with long-term consequences after cerebral contusion have the increased H2O2-induced chemiluminescence associated with the high amplitude of «fast» burst and the tendency to increase of spontaneous chemiluminescence (p = 0,039 and p = 0,58, accordingly). Thus, the patients with long-term consequences after cerebral contusion showed the abnormal high kinetics of H2O2-induced chemiluminescence (p < 0,05). The statistically significant increase serum Н2О2-induced chemiluminescence intensity detected in examined patients (3085,6 ± 114,2 vs 669,1 ± 214,83 controls) have showed the development of certain oxidative stress processes in this category of patients associated with the increasing of primary free radical reactions and their activity were getting increased with the progression of the disease duration (p < 0,05). Conclusions. The study provides the novel data revealing the increased kinetics of H2O2-induced chemiluminescence in the patients with long-term consequences after cerebral contusion accompanied by the tendency to increase of spontaneous chemiluminescence that may play the certain pathogenetic role. Keywords: H2O2-induced chemiluminescence, long-term consequences after cerebral contusion, oxidative stress.

FEATURES OF NEUTROPHIL CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN THE PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED RECTAL CANCER

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in Russia worldwide making up 5-6% of all human malignant tumors. Neutrophilic granulocytes are actively involved in development of antitumor response. A key role in tumor regression is assigned to active forms of oxygen produced by neutrophils. In connection with these pre-requisites, our goal was to study functional characteristics of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescent activity of neutrophil granulocytes in patients with rectal cancer before starting pathogenetic therapy and in subsequent dynamics. The paper presents some laboratory results, i.e., functional indices of neutrophilic granulocytes’ activity in 36 patients with rectal cancer being at different stages of oncological process. The control group consisted of 112 practically healthy volunteers, comparable in sex and age to the group of patients under study. To perform the study venous blood was taken from patients to vacuum test tubes with lithium heparin in the morning time before surgical treatment, and on day 7 after the surgical intervention. Evaluation of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence was performed for 90 minutes in a 36-channel “CL 3606” chemiluminescence analyzer (Russia). The following characteristics were determined: time of the curve transition to maximal chemiluminescence intensity (Tmax), maximal value of chemiluminescence intensity (Imax), integral area under the chemiluminescence curve (S). Luminol was used as the chemiluminescence enhancer. Opsonized zymosan was used to induce the respiratory explosion. Chemiluminescence amplification induced by opsonized zymosan was evaluated by the ratio of induced-tospontaneous chemiluminescence (Sind/spont) designated as an activation index.Analysis of chemiluminescence activity in neutrophilic granulocytes showed a significant increase in spontaneous chemiluminescence activity at the stages III and IV of the disease. The production of active oxygen forms induced in neutrophilic granulocytes by opsonized zymosan increased in all the study groups, relative to control parameters. The area under the curves of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence in patients with colorectal cancer at all stages of the oncological process is less, as compared to the control group, which, despite high indices of maximal chemiluminescence activity, may indicate insufficient total production of reactive oxygen species. The time-to-peak values of the chemiluminescence curves in patients with rectal cancer at all stages of the disease did not show statistically significant differences from the control group.

Tin oxide nanoparticles modified by copper as novel catalysts for the luminol–H2O2 based chemiluminescence system

Unique catalytic activity was found for SnO2 nanoparticles modified by copper to enhance the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol–H2O2 system.

Flame emission spectroscopy measurement of a steam blast and air blast burner

Control and online monitoring of combustion have become critical to meet the increasingly strict pollutant emission standards. For such a purpose, optical sensing methods, like flame emission spectrometry, seem to be the most feasible technique. Spectrometry is capable to provide information about the local equivalence ratio inside the flame through the chemiluminescence intensity ratio measurement of various radicals. In the present study, a 15 kW atmospheric burner was analyzed utilizing standard diesel fuel. Its plain jet type atomizer was operated with both air and steam atomizing mediums. Up to now, injection of steam into the reaction zone has attracted less scientific attention contrary to its practical importance. Spatial plots of OH*, CH*, and C2* excited radicals were analyzed at 0.35, 0.7, and 1 bar atomization gauge pressures, utilizing both atomizing mediums. The C2* was found to decrease strongly with increasing steam addition. The OH*/CH* and OH*/C2* chemiluminescence intensity ratios along the axis showed a divergent behavior in all the analyzed cases. Nevertheless, CH*/C2* chemiluminescence intensity ratio decreased only slightly, showing low sensitivity to the position of the spectrometer. The findings may be directly applied in steady operating combustion systems, i. e., gas turbines, boilers, and furnaces.