Modelling the Effects of Traffic-Calming Introduction to Volume–Delay Functions and Traffic Assignment

Traffic calming is introduced to minimise the negative results of motor vehicle use, for example, low safety level or quality of life, high noise and pollution. It can be implemented through the introduction of road infrastructure reducing the velocity and the traffic volume. In this paper, we studied how traffic-calming influences the traffic assignment. For the research, a traffic-calming measure of speed cushions on the Stachiewicza street in Krakow was taken. A method of extracting trajectories from aerial footage was shown, and it was used to build a model. For a given example, through driving characteristics research and microscopic modelling, volume–delay BPR functions were estimated—for a street with and without traffic calming. Later, a toy network of two roads of the same length, connecting the same origin and destination, was simulated using an equilibrium traffic assignment method. Simulations were conducted both with the use of PTV Vissim and Visum software and through individual calculations. According to the results of this paper, there was a difference in traffic volume according to the equilibrium traffic assignment in the aforementioned toy network as a function of total network traffic volume.

Dependency of Urban People on Private Motorized Vehicles: A Critical Measurement in Bangladesh

Consumption of non-renewable energy resources and global warming are increasing due to excessive dependency on motorized vehicle. The study investigates the influencing factors for private motor vehicle dependency to develop a structural equation model (SEM) for quantifying subjective motor vehicle dependency by examining the determinants. A questionnaire survey of 130 random samples was conducted among private motor vehicle users from different districts of Bangladesh. On the basis of user practical experience and reliance on motor vehicle use, a subjective measure of private motor vehicle dependency is established. Results support to accept the model hypothesis which is MVU [Motor Vehicle Use] affects DEPEND [Dependency on Motor Vehicle] positively and both negatively affect INTENT [Intention to Reduce Motor Vehicle]. Hence, children and monthly income of respondents have large influence on motor vehicle use as the beta weights are 1.22 and 1.01, respectively. In case of dependency, regression weight shows that fuel expenses, average travelling distance, speed have significant influences. Besides, the greater social grade shows less intention to reduce motor vehicle use. The study shows clear overview of possible affecting factors behind dependency which can be reflected in decision-making strategies.

Vehicle Speed Influence on Ground-borne Vibrations Caused by Road Transport when Passing Vertical Traffic Calming Measures

Traffic calming is the combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behaviour and improve conditions for non-motorized street users. Vibration measurements were performed by the authors of this paper near the roads with traffic calming devices. The measurements were taken throughout two seasons: in the winter and in the summer in order to evaluate the influence of soil freezing on traffic-induced vibrations. The only car measured was Fiat Doblo (weight 1,405 kg), and its driving speed when passing a speed bump or a speed table was controlled (20 km/h; 30 km/h; 40 km/h). The results show that the Peak Particle Acceleration (PPA) values were higher in the winter season compared with the summer. The vehicles passing over the speed tables induce lower PPA values than those passing over the speed bumps.

THE PROFILE OF FRACTURE IN PATIENTS UNDER 17 YEARS OF AGE AT RSUD DR SOETOMO IN THE PERIOD OF 2013-2014

Fractures in children are important problem nowadays. Governmental census lists people under 17 years old as the largest contributor to fracture cases in Indonesia. The rapid increase in motor vehicle use, a hallmark of economic growth in developing countries, led to sharp increase in road saturation and consequently, rise in traffic related injuries. Variables involved in pediatric fractures needs to be identified and mapped to provide basis for the creation of better preventive measures to reduce problem before it happens. Thus, the purpose of this research is to create a profile of fracture in patients under the age of 17 years’ old at RSUD Dr Soetomo. The research is descriptive study which is performed by analyzing medical records in RSUD Dr Soetomo against the following: Age, Sex, Type of fracture, Cause of fracture, Time of fracture, Location of fracture, and Duration between admission and treatment. Data is then tabulated and converted into a bar graph for easier analysis. The research found that fractures in children most commonly occur at the 10-14 years’ age group (41.8%), happens more frequently in boys than in girls (69.5%), is dominated by closed fractures over open fractures (75.9%), and is most often caused by traffic accidents (60.9%). Consequently, the location in which fractures are most prevalent is the “street” (63.1%). It is also found that the highest incidence of fractures cases happens within the 12.01-18.00 time-span (19.1%) and is treated within the first 8 hours of admission to the hospital (79.4%).

Will Bus Subsidy in Indonesia Sustainable?

The subsidies for public transport entails a controversial discussion on the pros and cons. On one hand mode share of public transport will decrease with increasing income levels towards private motor vehicle use. Intention of this paper is to prove that subsidy plays important role in the public transport operation and business. However such subsidy is not recover he needs to carry out the sustainable urban transport in the future. Government and private partner should create a systematic subsidy targeted for the right modes, that having sustainable achievement. This paper is structured to answer to what extent the effectiveness of government subsidies for the development of public transport services.

The challenges of automobile-dependent urban transport strategy

The fundamental aims of sustainable urban development and the pro-automobile oriented economic development are on a collision course. It is obvious that automobile-dependent urban development is under heavy/powerful influence of the automobile lobby (automobile and oil industries, along with construction). In this domain famous land-use-transportation studies (or ?grand transportation studies?) are, unfortunately, still prevailing - a vicious circle of self-fulfilling prophecy of congestion, road building, sprawl, congestion and more road building. Until recently, it was commonly thought that investment in public transport was not economically sustainable and that focusing on the development of the automobile industry and financing the construction of roadways stimulated economic growth. In this paper we clearly show that automobile industry is now overcapitalized, less profitable than many other industries (and may become even less profitable in the future), that transport market is characterized with huge distortions (more than a third of motor-vehicle use can be explained by underpriced driving), while new road investment does not have a major impact on economic growth (especially in a region with an already well-developed infrastructure), and that pro-automobile transport strategy inexorably incurs harmful global, regional and local ecological consequences.