Improving the Technology of Synthesis Absolutized Bioethanol

The article describes the technology of synthesis of absolute ethyl alcohol, as well as the types, properties and efficiency of water-withdrawing reagents and types, properties and efficiency of reagents (CaO, tetraethoxytitanium), which chemically bind water and dehydrate ethanol. The composition and properties of the absolutized ethanol were studied using the infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and gas-chromatography. The octane number of gasoline with the addition of absolutized ethanol together with the combustion activator (diethyl ether) was measured as well. It has been shown that the content of even very small amounts (up to 2%) of the combustion activator in absolutized ethanol results in the increase of the octane number and improves running abilities of gasoline.

A Novel Type of Magnetic Fe2O3/Fe3O4 Heterogeneous Microparticles Prepared via the Ethanol-Water Reflux and Rapid Combustion Process

A novel type of magnetic Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterogeneous microparticles with ellipsoidal macropores was prepared via the ethanol-water reflux and rapid combustion process. The experimental results showed that the volume of absolute ethyl alcohol and the calcination temperature were the key factors to the grain sizes and the magnetic properties, the calcination temperature largely affected the saturation magnetization and the grain size of Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterogeneous microparticles, and the amount of absolute ethyl alcohol also tremendously affected the saturation magnetization, however, the amount of absolute ethyl alcohol affected little on the grain size. Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterogeneous microparticles calcined at 200 °C for 1 h with absolute ethyl alcohol of 20 mL had the largest saturation magnetization of 90.1 Am2/kg.

Histopathological changes in the gill, liver and intestine of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) treated with three dry seed extracts

Acute toxicity tests were carried out with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of three botanicals Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers, Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn and Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex Juss) on Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) under normal laboratory conditions. Extracts of L. speciosa were more potent than the extracts of D. turbinatus and H. brasiliensis. Histopathological changes in gill, liver and intestine of exposed fishes caused subtle cellular damages like disintegration of gill filaments and lamellae, degeneration of hepatocytes and blood vessels and necrosis of the intestinal epithelia. Different seed extracts showed histopathological variations in the different organs depending on the toxicity of the plant extracts. On the basis of histopathology, effectivity of the extract was in the order: Absolute ethyl alcohol > 50% ethyl alcohol > distilled water and the effectivity of the seed extracts on the studied organs was: L. speciosa > D. turbinatus > H. brasiliensis seed extracts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15612 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 217-226, December 2012

Influence of Parameters on Fabricating TiO2 Nanotube by a Hydrothermal Method

TiO2 nanotube was synthesized successfully with different parameters via hydrothermal process, using nanopowder TiO2 and concentrated NaOH solution as raw materials. If the hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal time or washing conditions were changed, the structure of the nanotube was different. The phase compositions and morpholog ies of the TiO2 nanotube was characterized by XRD and SEM. These results suggested that the length of the nanotube increased from 180 nm to 270 nm, and the diameter almost kept a fixed level about 15~20 nm within a range of 110°C~150°C. The length of the nanotube increased from 230 nm to 330 nm and diameter was nearly unchanged as the result of time increasing from 24 h to 48 h. Washing conditions were very important to influence the nanotube. When the deposit was washed directly with distilled water, short and thick nanorod were formated, and microrod generated with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and microrod structure with smooth surface was produced with absolute ethyl alcohol, and the nanotube was fabricated only after washing by dilute acid.

Toxic response of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) to some indigenous plant seed extracts

Toxic responses of distilled water, 50% ethyl and absolute ethyl alcohol extracts of six indigenous plants, Datura innoxia (Mill), Clerodendrum viscosum (Vent), Amoora rohituka (Roxb) Wt. et. Arnott, Acacia auriculaeformis A. Cunn. ex. Benth., Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre and Acacia catechu Willd were studied on a predatory fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in laboratory conditions. Amongst the extracts the toxicity range varied, absolute ethyl alcohol extract of A. rohituka seeds being the most toxic (LC50 = 8.67 ppm) whilst distilled water extract of D. innoxia seeds was the least toxic (LC50 = 1950.03 ppm). On the basis of LC50 and relative potency values the relative toxicity of the six plants was in the order- A. rohituka > C. viscosum > P. pinnata > A. auriculaeformis > A. catechu > D. innoxia seed extracts. These six indigenous plant seed extracts assayed might be helpful as controlling agent of undesirable fishes in fish culture ponds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v4i1.13382 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1&2):1-12, 2009

Research on Preparation and Structure of Ca3Co4O9

Ca3Co4O9 particles were synthesized using cobalt nitrate, calcium nitrate, and citric acid as the starting precursors by sol-gel method. The absolute ethyl alcohol was selected as the solvent. LFA447 was applied to measure the thermal conductivity from room temperature to 300 as the reference to decide the optimal parameters. And the optimal parameters obtained are as follows: ethyl alcohol 100ml, ethylene glycol 5ml, citric acid 12.11g (the mole ratio of citric acid to metal ions is 1.1:1), and pH=3 to prepare samples with total weight of 5 g.

Toxicological Properties of Achras Zapota (Linn) Plant Parts on the Predatory Fishes Heteropneustes Fossilis (Bloch) and Channa Punctatus (Bloch)

Toxicological properties of the indigeneous plant Achras zapota (Linn) (Family: Sapotaceae) (locally known as 'Safeda' in Bangla) were assessed on two predatory fishes, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and Channa punctatus (Bloch), after 24 h exposure under normal laboratory conditions (25 ± 3ºC). Distilled water, 50% and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent extrarcts of the dry seed, leaf, bark and root of A. zapota were tested upon the fishes. Exposed fishes showed hyperactivity with increased opercular movement and accumulation of mucus on the body surface. Increase in the concentration of the extracts caused an increase in the fish mortality. The LC50 values of the distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol and absolute ethyl alcohol extracts of A. zapota plant parts for H. fossilis were 320.80, 222.26, 98.49 ppms, respectively in seed; 480.91, 279.37, 235.76 ppms, respectively in leaf; 630.86, 151.39, 85.21 ppms, respectively in bark and 218.12, 122.89, 111.62 ppms, respectively in root. Whereas, the LC50 values of the corresponding plant parts for C. punctatus were 218.12, 146.84, 88.83 ppms, respectively in seed; 279.35, 175.89, 125.69 ppms, respectively in leaf; 132.36, 102.91, 78.11 ppms, respectively in bark and 63.87, 39.46, 33.27 ppms, respectively in root. On the basis of the LC50 values of absolute ethyl alcohol extracts, for H. fossilis, the order of toxicity was found to be: bark > seed > root > leaf and for C. punctatus it was: root > bark > seed > leaf. Of the two test fishes H. fossilis was more tolerant and less sensitive to the effects of the plant part extracts than C. punctatus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12900 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1): 109-119, 2012

Carbon Nano Tube Supported H3PW12O40 for Effective Adsorption of NOx

Carbon nano tubes (CNTs) has found applications in many fields due to its enormous versatility, however, very few report has been given on its promotive effect as support on the adsorption of NOx with solid tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40), and no results on the use of surface modified CNTs in this process can be found in literatures. In this study, we have conducted systematic works on this issue and found some relations between pre-treatment method of CNTs and NOx adsorption efficiency of H3PW12O40/CNTs, and the relations between differernt impregnating solvent used in loading process and NOx adsorption efficiency of H3PW12O40/CNTs, which may be very helpful to the development of new effective adsorbent/catalyst for the adsorption-conversion of NOx. The main conclusions derived are as follows: absolute ethyl alcohol was the superior solvent to water for HPW loading on CNTs; the resultant –OH containing CNTs shows better promotive effect on the adsorption of NOx than that containing –COOH when using absolute ethyl alcohol as solvent; in both cases, with the increase of H3PW12O40 loading, the NOx adsorption efficiency tends to reach a peak value close to that in the case of pure H3PW12O40, before dropping down; compared to pre-treated activated carbon fiber, modified CNTs, especially CNTs–OH, is favorable to be used as support of H3PW12O40 for effective adsorption and even further conversion of NOx.

Ability of Inactivated Yeast Powder To Adsorb Patulin from Apple Juice

This study aimed to investigate the adsorption of patulin from apple juice, using two types of inactivated yeast powder: laboratory-prepared yeast powder (LYP) and commercial yeast powder (CYP). The effects of incubation time, pH, incubation temperature, adsorbent amount, and initial concentration of patulin and the stability of the yeast-mycotoxin complex were assessed. The results showed that the efficiencies of the two yeast types in adsorbing patulin were similar. The ability of the powders to remove patulin increased with longer incubation times, and patulin concentration was below detectable levels with LYP and CYP at approximately 36 and 30 h, respectively. The highest removal of patulin was achieved at pH 5.0 for both powder types, and there were no significant differences in patulin decrease at different temperatures (4, 29, and 37°C). Additionally, the adsorption percentage of patulin increased significantly with the increase of absorbent amount and decrease of initial concentration of patulin. Stability of the yeast-patulin complex was assessed, and patulin was more stable when washed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 4.0) than in absolute ethyl alcohol. These results suggest that inactivated yeast powder has potential as a novel and promising adsorbent to bind patulin effectively.

Effects of Various Treatments on Structure and Performance of Naturally Green Cotton

Effects of various treatments with distilled water, absolute ethyl alcohol, and ethanol solution assisted with ultrasonic wave and supercritical CO2 on the structure, thermal stability and surface morphology of naturally green cotton were tested by Colorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope and HVI 900A cotton fiber detector. Results showed that ultrasonic wave contributed to pigment extraction and supercritical CO2 treatment promoted pigment to move outward causing deepening color. The data indicated that these treatments had no significant impacts on supramolecular structure, heat-resistant quality, and single fiber strength of green cotton.