The Concept of Matrimonial Consent in Can. 1057 CIC 1983

The article is devoted to matrimonial consent as described in Can. 1057 CIC/83, which has replaced the former Can. 1081 CIC/17. The regulation found in this canon emphasizes the importance of matrimonial consent and constitutes the basis for all reasons for the nullification of marriage. The analyzed norm, describing matrimonial consent in the positive aspect, was formulated in the personalistic spirit and adapted to Vatican II's teachings. Can. 1057 CIC/83 was placed among the norms introducing the De matrimonio of CIC/83 part, which resulted in ordering the vision of marriage in CIC/83. The studies on the normative content of Can. 1057 §1, CIC/83, focus on matrimonial consent, which establishes the matrimonial bond and is the only efficient cause of marriage, being a bilateral consensual contract and a sacrament for those baptized. The article discusses legal requirements assuring that consent will result in contracting a valid marriage. The article explains in detail the norm, according to which a defective matrimonial consent cannot be supplemented or replaced by another legal act. The article analyses the object of matrimonial consent in Can. 1057 §2, CIC/83, which was harmonized with the definition of marriage in Can. 1055 CIC/83. Ius in corpus is no longer such an object (as it narrows marriage to a communion finding fulfillment in the sexual and procreative sphere) but rather the parties to the contract, who give themselves to one another in an analogous sense (material object) and the communion for their entire life, in all its dimensions (formal object).

Nor’wester over West Bengal and comfortability

During the pre-monsoon months of March, April and May the weather over Kolkata is generally very uncomfortable due to high temperature and relative humidity. During this season Kolkata is affected by the nor’wester activity. Generally the nor’wester activity is defined as a disastrous weather activity and is locally called as ‘Kaalbaisakhi’ as it is ‘kaal’ or destruction during Bengali Baishakh (April-May) month over Bengal. However the downdraft associated with the nor’wester brings cool air and temperature sometimes drops by as much as 8 to 9 degree Celsius and the atmosphere becomes comfortable for some period. This is an entirely different and positive aspect of nor’wester.The human comfortability depends upon many weather parameters apart from human physiological parameters. However the primary weather factors are air temperature and relative humidity especially for tropical areas. Many authors have worked on this and the well accepted formula for thermal index THI or Discomfort Index DI is taken from Thom (1957,1958) which is a function of dry bulb and wet bulb temperature i.e., THI or DI = 0.4 (Ta + Tw) + 15 where temperature is in ºF and is 0.72 (Ta + Tw) + 40.6 where temperature is in ºC. Various stages of comfortability are classified viz., (i) Discomfortable (ii) Partial discomfortable and (iii) Comfortable. Neglecting the effect of wind and further simplifying the equation for DI as a function of (Ta + Tw) the range varies from 27 to 55 in increasing order of temperature.During the pre-monsoon months when the climate over Kolkata is very sultry and uncomfortable, people generally desire the onset of nor’wester for some temporary relief although it results into destruction. The nor’wester makes the weather comfortable after its occurrence and remains comfortable for 10 to 12 hours and some time even for a day. The present study is made taking six years data over Kolkata, both Alipore and Dum Dum. It is seen that except early morning of March the remaining period of pre-monsoon season is found to be uncomfortable climatologically. In the present study there were 91 occasions of squalls and it is found that most of the squalls occurred during the month of April and May and on most of the occasions nor’wester made the weather comfortable for a large part of the day in the month of April. By the end of May nor’wester activity also brought relief but not to that extent as in March and April to the people of Kolkata and neighbourhood.

The Sublime

An analysis of the sublime is presented in this chapter. It is argued that experiences of the sublime combine a negative emotional state, in which the individual feels a sense of ‘self-negation’, with a pleasurable sense of the object’s sublime qualities. After reviewing a number of different historical theories of the sublime, it is argued that the positive aspect of the sublime requires that we recognize our psychological capacity to empathize with objects. It is argued that by means of our empathic engagements, we are enthralled by the power of sublime objects. In service of Aestheticism, the sublime gives us a way to become reconciled to hostile or indifferent features of nature.

The Positive Side of Maximization: Linking Maximization Tendency With Meaning in Life Through Time Perspectives

The negative influence of maximization on well-being, that is, the maximization paradox, has received increased attention. However, few studies have shown the link between maximization tendency and meaning in life, which is one type of well-being, and no empirical literature has examined the mechanisms between them. We conducted an online survey in China to test the relationship between maximization tendency and meaning in life. Participants (N=2,987) were invited to report their maximization, time perspective, meaning in life, and other control variables and demographic variables. Multi-mediation path analysis was adopted in the data analysis. The results revealed that maximization was positively associated with meaning in life, which confirmed the positive aspect of the maximization tendency. Further analyses indicated that the time perspectives of past-positive and future mediated the positive relationship between maximization and meaning in life. In contrast, a present-fatalistic time perspective was a suppressor in the positive relationship. Our findings suggest that the maximization tendency has a positive aspect rather than the overall maximization paradox. An important means of elevating meaning in life is to encourage the time perspective of past-positive and future-oriented and reduce the present-fatalistic time perspective.

The relationships between social pedagogy, social work and child protection: the case of Estonia

This article analyses the context of social work and social pedagogy in Estonia. It also introduces the differences, commonalities and overlap of the two concepts and their teaching. Courses in both disciplines are taught at Tallinn University in the School of Governance, Law and Society. At Tallinn University social work has been taught at three levels (BA, MA and PhD) since 1991; the Master’s in Social Pedagogy and Child Protection started in 2002. As the term ‘social’ encompasses several meanings, it also influences the practice in the social field – an overlap here can be considered to be a positive aspect, because the aim of both social work and social pedagogy is a better life. In Estonia social pedagogy is connected with social work through child protection. This article first presents a short overview of the situation in Estonia. It then introduces the main principles and theoretical backgrounds of the concepts and the education of social work and social pedagogy.

AN ANALYSIS OF MORAL VALUES IN “ZOOTOPIA” MOVIE DIRECTED BY BYRON HOWARD AND RICH MOORE

This thesis attempts to analyze in the movie Zootopia directed by Byron Howard and Rich Moore. The study is based on two research questions, first about kind of moral values and second about the effects of moral values through the main character. The methodology of the study is descriptive qualitative. It means that it does not need statistic approach to explore the material. The primary data is taken from the original movie itself and script from Zootopia movie. The secondary data is taken from many journals, literary books and some relevant materials to support and complete the primary data sources. The result shows that there are ten types of kind of moral values which the writers found by in the script of the movie Zootopia. They are brave, respect, kind and friendly, confidence, loyalty, self-discipline, fair and human, love and affection, honesty and sensitive and not selfish. Then, the effects of moral values that reflected through the main character are optimistic, brave, ambitious, caring, and enthusiastic. The writers hope that movie lovers can see the positive aspect and take it to imply their life

Analysis of Changes in Shopping Habits and Causes of Food Waste Among Consumers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

Food waste is a worldwide phenomenon that needs to be reduced. The causes of this problem vary widely. The study used the Computer-Assisted Web Interview method. There were 500 respondents from all over the country and among them 60% women and 40% men. The sample selection was purposeful. Before the pandemic began, the highest percentage of consumers shopped two to three times a week. As of March 2020, the frequency of this activity has decreased for every fourth respondent. Also during this period, an increase in the frequency of shopping alone was observed, as well as an increase in the number of people who outsource their shopping list to others. Nowadays, the vast majority of respondents usually create a shopping list before doing it and follow it. Before the pandemic, this was the case for only 46% of respondents, while during the pandemic it was the case for 81%. Exceeding the expiration date was the most common reason for throwing products in the trash before as well as during the pandemic. Over-shopping as a cause of food waste increased almost fourfold during the pandemic. A positive aspect is noticeable for the ‘I don’t throw food away’ response. The percentage of respondents increased from 16% to 21%. During both survey periods, respondents most often indicated that they throw away fruits, vegetables, bread, and dairy products. During the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers’ shopping behaviour changed. They attended grocery stores far less frequently, mostly on their own, and purchased larger quantities of products. Nonetheless, consumers planned their purchases and checked expiration dates before putting food in their shopping carts. Households were thus forced to respond quickly, adjusting their shopping behaviour. These behaviours have implications for the subsequent activities of retail merchants.

MEMAHAMI DAN MENGELOLA DAMPAK PARIWISATA

This paper aims at providing information and understanding about the impacts of tourism on the economic sector, sociocultural living, and environmental. Globally, tourism is considered as one of the leading sectors contributing huge numbers in the global GDP. Now wander many countries rely on the tourism sector as the source of income and many countries do their best to develop the tourism potency had. The rapid dan massive development of tourism in the world brings both negative and positive aspect to those three sectors; economic, socio-cultural, and environmental. The negative impacts of tourism should be anticipated and managed well by the government, stakeholder, and community. One thing that can be done is by implementing visitor management that is an administrative action to maintain the environment, socio-cultural living, and economic sector without neglecting the satisfaction of tourists. Visitor management is implemented by balancing the tourist’ needs, local community’s needs, stakeholders’ needs, and the current situation and potency of the destination. The implementation visitor management leads to the sustainable tourism.

Exercising the powers of local self-government agencies in Ukraine

The notion of governance is fundamental in the management of every given society, and for this to be realized, there is that need in placing powers in the hands of it's community for the proper enhancement of the community. In it's plight of achieving credible development and potential Justice system, there that need of the local Self-Government agencies to be fully involved in the well-being of the society. It is therefore in this light that this article is explore to study and compare international experience in the area of local self-government agencies functioning, providing propositions on its implementation in Ukraine. International experience in exercising the powers by local self-government agencies is analyzed; offers concerning its adaptation in Ukraine are given. It is noted that local self-government agencies constitute an important component of the functioning and development of any country, but their impact on ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the community, addressing their pressing issues is one that needs improvement. The positive aspect of decentralization is also due to the shift of a significant part of administrative powers from the center to municipalities and local communities in society, especially in its progressive part, there is a real chance to implement those changes, at least at the local level, which are extremely necessary for a long period of time. Conversely, if the central authorities are endowed with the maximum amount of power and imperative powers, while leaving local self-government agencies a fairly narrow amount of real power, the development tendencies of such a state will be mostly negative.

MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY IN WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

We represent results of the 20 women survey, who gave birth to children with congenital malformations of the fetus. It was found that pregnancy and delivery in these women are with complications. Presented a general scheme of women with congenital malformations of the fetus. An important positive aspect of this scheme is that the newborn passes to neonatologists and other specialists with established diagnosis, investigation and preliminary plan of treatment that is refined and adjusted in the dynamics.