NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY ON ULNAR NERVE

Low level laser therapy is widely used in managing pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal ailments. Its effect on Peripheral nervous system and its function is not yet clearly studied. Objective: To analyze the neurophysiological effect of Low level laser irradiation on ulnar nerve MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty healthy subjects with age group between 20-30 years of both genders were recruited in this experimental study design.. The procedure was clearly explained to the subjects and informed consent was obtained. They were assigned randomly to either Ga. As.Laser group or Sham laser group. All the subject’s were positioned in supine lying with the irradiated dominant hand kept at 135 degrees of flexion. Ground electrode was placed over the thenar eminence. The subject's skin (electrode placement area) was degreased for proper transmission of laser. Nerve conduction velocity was recorded Antidromically. A 904nm diode laser was used to irradiate the skin overlying the ulnar nerve behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus for 20 secs. The laser was set to deliver continuous energy at 4.0 J/cm².Antidromically action potential, peak to peak amplitude, onset latency, nerve conduction velocity was recorded before and after irradiation of the ulnar nerve. RESULT: The study revealed that there was a significant difference in onset Latency (P=0.0021) but there was no significant difference in Nerve conduction velocity (P=0.2738) and PPA (P=1.0000) between laser group and sham laser group. CONCLUSIONS: Low level laser irradiation of skin overlying the ulnar nerve resulted in a significant increase in latency in this study. This increase in latency corresponds to a decrease in sensory nerve conduction velocity and could help explain the alleged pain relieving effects of low level laser irradiation.

Low-Level Laser Irradiation Stimulates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via the MAPK Pathway in RAW 264.7 Cells

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is recognized as an effective medical tool for the treatment of various conditions requiring tissue repair, pain relief, inflammation treatment, and restoration of tissue dysfunction, and its development and research are growing rapidly. However, studies that analyze molecular biology by applying LLLT to osteoclasts are still insufficient to understand the mechanism. In order for LLLT to be suggested as an appropriate treatment method for the treatment of various bone diseases, it is necessary to elucidate the effect and mechanism of LLLT on osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of LLLT on osteoclast differentiation using murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells by means of a Ga-As-Al laser (λ = 810, 80 mW). Our results indicate that LLLT did not induce cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. When LLLT was applied for 15 s to osteoclasts exposed to RANKL, the expression of NF-κB, ERK, p38, and c-Fos, which are associated with expression of NFATc1, was increased. The RT-PCR results also demonstrated significantly increased expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including NFATc1, TRAP, the calcitonin receptor, and cathepsin K, compared with the control. Taken together, we concluded that low-level laser irradiation induces osteoclastogenesis by enhancing the expression of NF-κB, MAPKs (ERK, p38), c-Fos, and NFATc1 in RAW 264.7 cells. These findings indicate that low-level laser irradiation could be considered a potential treatment option in various metabolic bone diseases that require osteoclastic activity and bone formation.

Low-level laser irradiation in the comprehensive treatment of acute renal damage

Background. The discussed topic is worth attracting attention because of its high mortality rate in patients with acute renal damage which is caused by urological and surgical diseases. The membrane-destructive component in damaged renal tissues is manifested with decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased endotoxin level and lipid aberrations. The standard infusion and antibacterial therapy does not fully compensate the severity of pathological changes.Purpose. To study the effectiveness of low-level laser irradiation at endotoxicosis and lipid metabolism indicators in acute renal damage in acute experimental peritonitis.Material and methods. Lipid peroxidation, membrane-destructive processes in renal tissues as well as lipid metabolism and endotoxicosis were studied in the experiment with dogs. The effectiveness of infusion and antibiotic therapy and combined therapy with laser light were compared.Basic results: the experiment has demonstrated that acute renal damage was caused by systemic inflammatory diseases of non-urological profile. The applied low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) promoted more rapid correction of pathological processes which were manifested with increased concentration of cholesterol esters, total phospholipids, phosphatidylserine; LLLI decreased levels of cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, triacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, triacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diacylglycerol, lysophospholipids, free fatty acids and endotoxicosis parameters.Conclusion: the obtained results reliably indicate a LLLI positive effect at the organism’s potentials to recover when LLLI is included into the comprehensive therapy (under experiment). This is evidently seen in the restoration of lipid component in elements of renal parenchyma and in the decrease of lipid peroxidation activity.